conferencePaper Geospatial Innovation for Society DOI 10.1553/giscience2014s299 Wichmann Kanwischer Detlef Burger David Nauss Thomas BIS-Fogo Citizen Science and Digital Geomedia: Implementing a Biodiversity Information System in Cabo Verde Digital geomedia has an enormous potential for the activation of citizens and organizations in the area of ecological and spatial awareness. By means of the new spatial media, the civil society is given the opportunity to acquire information and knowledge on environmental aspects. At the same time, they can collect new georeferenced data independently, and contribute this data to the scientific community. The purpose of this paper is to contribute a practical approach to promote a sustainable biodiversity management and monitoring system in combination with an education system in Cabo Verde. The underlying theoretical framework for the design of the participatory Biodiversity Information System (BIS) is set by the critical GIS-debate. The project is based on educational approaches of environmental citizenship and spatial citizenship, which explicitly take into account aspects of participation, empowerment, and capacity building. The result of this paper aims at implementing a cooperation between citizens and scientists in the area of biodiversity in Cabo Verde. 2014 GI_Forum 2014 299 - 308 Kanwischer2014 http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/?arp=0x0030d5ef journalArticle Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 71 8 DOI 10.14358/PERS.71.8.975 Kuhnert Matthias Voinov Alexey Seppelt Ralf Comparing Raster Map Comparison Algorithms for Spatial Modeling and Analysis The comparison of spatial patterns is recognized as an important task in landscape ecology especially when spatially explicit simulation modeling or remote sensing is applied. Yet, there is no agreed procedure for doing that, probably because different problems require different algorithms. We explored a variety of existing algorithms and modified some of them to compare grid-based maps with categorical attributes. A new algorithm based on the “expanding window” approach was developed and compared to other known algorithms. The goal was to offer simple and flexible procedures for comparing spatial patterns in grid based maps that do not take into consideration object shapes and sizes of the maps. The difference between maps was characterized by three values: quantity, location, and distance between corresponding categories in the maps. Combinations of these indices work as good criteria to quantify differences between maps. A web-based survey was set up, in which participants were asked to grade the similarity of ten pairs of maps. These results were then used to compare how well the various algorithms can perform relative to the visual comparisons obtained; they were also used to calibrate existing algorithms . 975-984 August 1, 2005 Kuhnert2005 http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/PERS.71.8.975 2014-06-17 07:04:47 MetaPress http://www.likbez.com/AV/PUBS/Kuhnert2005PERS.pdf attachment MetaPress Snapshot 2014-06-17 07:04:48 http://essential.metapress.com/content/982x86328pk0x340/?genre=article&id=doi%3a10.14358%2fPERS.71.8.975 text/html utf-8 journalArticle Elwood Sarah geovisualization geoweb GIScience neogeography qualitative GIS volunteered geographic information Geographic Information Science: Visualization, visual methods, and the geoweb This review considers two recent trajectories of research on the geospatial web: efforts to develop appropriate methodologies for working with the new forms of geographic information that are part of it, and studies of its cultural, social, and political significance. In both arenas, visualization and visual methods are central. I show how methodologies drawn from quantitative and qualitative approaches to geovisualization in GIScience offer productive ways of working with geoweb-based information in research, and examine recent efforts to use critical visual methods to study the geoweb as visual practice. 401-408 06/01/2011 en Elwood2011 http://phg.sagepub.com/content/35/3/401 2014-01-06 07:52:47 phg.sagepub.com Progress in Human Geography 35 3 Prog Hum Geogr DOI 10.1177/0309132510374250 ISSN 0309-1325, 1477-0288 attachment Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 07:52:47 http://phg.sagepub.com/content/35/3/401.full.pdf application/pdf attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 07:52:47 http://phg.sagepub.com/content/35/3/401 text/html utf-8 webpage Solomon S. Qin D. Manning M. Chen Z. Marquis M. Averyt K.B. Tignor M. Miller H.L. 7.3 The Carbon Cycle and the Climate System - AR4 WGI Chapter 7: Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry IPCCAR4-7 http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch7s7-3.html 2014-01-14 13:47:13 attachment 7.3 The Carbon Cycle and the Climate System - AR4 WGI Chapter 7: Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry 2014-01-14 13:47:14 http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch7s7-3.html text/html utf-8 webpage Esri ArcGIS Help 10.2 - LAS dataset 2031 ESRI-LAS http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/main/10.2/index.html#/What_is_a_LAS_dataset/015w00000057000000/ 2013-12-10 13:53:04 attachment ArcGIS Help 10.2 - A quick tour of lidar in ArcGIS 2013-12-10 13:53:05 http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/main/10.2/index.html#/A_quick_tour_of_lidar_in_ArcGIS/015w00000066000000/ text/html utf-8 document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Choudhari Mark Mental Simulation: Adding Constant Flows 1996 Choudhari1996 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/readings/constant.pdf 2013-05-28 21:02:51 document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Whelan Joseph G. Forrester Jay Beginner Modeling Exercises - Section 2: Mental Simulation of Simple Positive Feedback 1996 Whelan1996 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/readings/positive.pdf 2013-05-29 12:56:47 journalArticle Fox Peter Hendler James Changing the Equation on Scientific Data Visualization An essential facet of the data deluge is the need for different types of users to apply visualizations to understand how data analyses and queries relate to each other. Unfortunately, visualization too often becomes an end product of scientific analysis, rather than an exploration tool that scientists can use throughout the research life cycle. However, new database technologies, coupled with emerging Web-based technologies, may hold the key to lowering the cost of visualization generation and allow it to become a more integral part of the scientific process. 705-708 02/11/2011 en Fox2011 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6018/705 2014-01-06 17:01:11 www.sciencemag.org PMID: 21311008 Science 331 6018 Science DOI 10.1126/science.1197654 ISSN 0036-8075, 1095-9203 attachment Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 17:01:11 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6018/705.full.pdf application/pdf attachment PubMed entry 2014-01-06 17:01:11 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311008 text/html attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 17:01:11 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6018/705.full text/html utf-8 journalArticle Andrienko Natalia Andrienko Gennady Gatalsky Peter Exploratory spatio-temporal visualization: an analytical review Current software tools for visualization of spatio-temporal data, on the one hand, utilize the opportunities provided by modern computer technologies, on the other hand, incorporate the legacy from the conventional cartography. We have considered existing visualization-based techniques for exploratory analysis of spatio-temporal data from two perspectives: (1) what types of spatio-temporal data they are applicable to; (2) what exploratory tasks they can potentially support. The technique investigation has been based on an operational typology of spatio-temporal data and analytical tasks we specially devised for this purpose. The result of the study is a structured inventory of existing exploratory techniques related to the types of data and tasks they are appropriate for. This result is potentially helpful for data analysts—users of geovisualization tools: it provides guidelines for selection of proper exploratory techniques depending on the characteristics of data to analyze and the goals of analysis. At the same time the inventory as well as the suggested typology of tasks could be useful for tool designers and developers of various domain-specific geovisualization applications. The designers can, on the one hand, see what task types are insufficiently supported by the existing tools and direct their creative activities towards filling the gaps, on the other hand, use the techniques described as basic elements for building new, more sophisticated ones. The application developers can, on the one hand, use the task and data typology in the analysis of potential user needs, on the other hand, appropriately select and combine existing tools in order to satisfy these needs. 503-541 December 2003 Andrienko2003 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X03000466 2014-01-06 10:28:44 ScienceDirect Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 14 6 Journal of Visual Languages & Computing DOI 10.1016/S1045-926X(03)00046-6 ISSN 1045-926X attachment ScienceDirect Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 10:28:44 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X03000466/pdfft?md5=ee0b1e1b25cb4eb9b5cedddd7946700c&pid=1-s2.0-S1045926X03000466-main.pdf application/pdf attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-01-06 10:28:44 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X03000466 text/html utf-8 document Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Bot Alexandra Benites José The importance of soil organic matter. Key to drought-resistant soil and sustained food and production. 2005 Bot2005 ftp://ftp.fao.org/agl/agll/docs/sb80e.pdf journalArticle Atzberger Clement Eilers Paul H. C. Evaluating the effectiveness of smoothing algorithms in the absence of ground reference measurements Time series of vegetation indices like NDVI are used in numerous applications ranging from ecology to climatology and agriculture. Often, these time series have to be filtered before application. The smoothing removes noise introduced by undetected clouds and poor atmospheric conditions. Ground reference measurements are usually difficult to obtain due to the medium/coarse resolution of the imagery. Hence, new filter algorithms are typically only (visually) assessed against the existing smoother. The present work aims to propose a range of quality indicators that could be useful to qualify filter performance in the absence of ground-based reference measurements. The indicators comprise (i) plausibility checks, (ii) distance metrics and (iii) geostatistical measures derived from variogram analysis. The quality measures can be readily derived from any imagery. For illustration, a large SPOT VGT dataset (1999–2008) covering South America at 1 km spatial resolution was filtered using the Whittaker smoother. 3689-3709 2011 Atzberger2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161003762405 2014-05-12 13:14:40 Taylor and Francis+NEJM International Journal of Remote Sensing 32 13 DOI 10.1080/01431161003762405 ISSN 0143-1161 attachment Snapshot 2014-05-12 13:14:40 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01431161003762405#.U3DJOSjzfvB text/html utf-8 webpage Bernard Jürgen Landesberger Tatiana von Bremm Sebastian Schreck Tobias 004 Cluster Comparison Quality Visualization and Assessment Self-Organizing Maps Visual Analysis Visual Cluster Analysis Multiscale visual quality assessment for cluster analysis with self-organizing maps Cluster analysis is an important data mining technique for analyzing large amounts of data, reducing many objects to a limited number of clusters. Cluster visualization techniques aim at supporting the user in better understanding the characteristics and relationships among the found clusters. While promising approaches to visual cluster analysis already exist, these usually fall short of incorporating the quality of the obtained clustering results. However, due to the nature of the clustering process, quality plays an important aspect, as for most practical data sets, typically many di erent clusterings are possible. Being aware of clustering quality is important to judge the expressiveness of a given cluster visualization, or to adjust the clustering process with re ned parameters, among others. In this work, we present an encompassing suite of visual tools for quality assessment of an important visual cluster algorithm, namely, the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) technique. We de ne, measure, and visualize the notion of SOM cluster quality along a hierarchy of cluster abstractions. The quality abstractions range from simple scalar-valued quality scores up to the structural comparison of a given SOM clustering with output of additional supportive clustering methods. The suite of methods allows the user to assess the SOM quality on the appropriate abstraction level, and arrive at improved clustering results. We implement our tools in an integrated system, apply it on experimental data sets, and show its applicability. conferenceObject 2011-11-08 Bernard2011 http://kops.ub.uni-konstanz.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-166184 2014-01-06 07:35:30 eng http://kops.ub.uni-konstanz.de/depositlicense2011 attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 07:35:30 http://kops.ub.uni-konstanz.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-166184 text/html utf-8 book Cambridge ; New York Cambridge University Press Metz Bert Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Climatic changes Environmental aspects Government policy Greenhouse gases Greenhouse gas mitigation Climate change 2007: mitigation of climate change: contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 851 ISBN 9780521880114 IPCC2007b http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/contents.html Library of Congress ISBN QC981.8.C5 C5113453 2007 "Published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change." journalArticle Mayer Richard E. Moreno Roxana Animation Design principles Multimedia learning Narration Problem solving Aids to computer-based multimedia learning Computer-based multimedia learning environments — consisting of pictures (such as animation) and words (such as narration) — offer a potentially powerful venue for improving student understanding. How can we use words and pictures to help people understand how scientific systems work, such as how a lightning storm develops, how the human respiratory system operates, or how a bicycle tire pump works? This paper presents a cognitive theory of multimedia learning which draws on dual coding theory, cognitive load theory, and constructivist learning theory. Based on the theory, principles of instructional design for fostering multimedia learning are derived and tested. The multiple representation principle states that it is better to present an explanation in words and pictures than solely in words. The contiguity principle is that it is better to present corresponding words and pictures simultaneously rather than separately when giving a multimedia explanation. The coherence principle is that multimedia explanations are better understood when they include few rather than many extraneous words and sounds. The modality principle is that it is better to present words as auditory narration than as visual on-screen text. The redundancy principle is that it is better to present animation and narration than to present animation, narration, and on-screen text. By beginning with a cognitive theory of how learners process multimedia information, we have been able to conduct focused research that yields some preliminary principles of instructional design for multimedia messages. 107-119 February 2002 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959475201000184 2014-04-20 21:15:16 ScienceDirect Learning and Instruction 12 1 Learning and Instruction DOI 10.1016/S0959-4752(01)00018-4 ISSN 0959-4752 book Norderstedt Books on Demand Bossel Hartmut Systemzoo 3 2004 German ISBN 3833412410 9783833412417 Bossel2004c http://www.usf.uni-kassel.de/cesr/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=141&func=fileinfo&id=109 Open WorldCat <p>Please note that Systemzoo [engl. System Zoo] is a series of 3 books. They are available in <a title="Systemzoo at Amazon.de" href="http://www.amazon.de/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?__mk_de_DE=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&amp;url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&amp;field-keywords=Bossel+Systemzoo&amp;rh=n%3A186606%2Ck%3ABossel+Systemzoo" target="_blank">German</a> and <a title="System Zoo at Amazon.com" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&amp;field-keywords=Bossel+system+zoo&amp;rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3ABossel+system+zoo" target="_blank">English.</a></p> attachment Amazon.com Link 2013-10-27 07:03:59 http://www.amazon.de/Systemzoo-3-Wirtschaft-Gesellschaft-Entwicklung/dp/3833412410/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1382857319&sr=1-2&keywords=Bossel+Systemzoo text/html journalArticle Loh Wei-Yin Classification and regression trees Classification and regression trees are machine-learning methods for constructing prediction models from data. The models are obtained by recursively partitioning the data space and fitting a simple prediction model within each partition. As a result, the partitioning can be represented graphically as a decision tree. Classification trees are designed for dependent variables that take a finite number of unordered values, with prediction error measured in terms of misclassification cost. Regression trees are for dependent variables that take continuous or ordered discrete values, with prediction error typically measured by the squared difference between the observed and predicted values. This article gives an introduction to the subject by reviewing some widely available algorithms and comparing their capabilities, strengths, and weakness in two examples. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 14-23 DOI: 10.1002/widm.8 14-23 January 1, 2011 en Loh2011 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/widm.8/abstract 2014-06-23 08:56:33 Wiley Online Library Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 1 1 WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov DOI 10.1002/widm.8 ISSN 1942-4795 attachment Full Text PDF 2014-06-23 08:56:33 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/widm.8/asset/8_ftp.pdf?v=1&t=hwrjvgyz&s=428008e09917c07ff12f03dc52da151e3c6fe744 application/pdf attachment Snapshot 2014-06-23 08:56:33 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/widm.8/full?cm=email-eng&cs=if-2012&cu=psj-13-54122&cd=psj-13-54122-compsci-widmclassification&dmmsmid=76114&dmmspid=20408931&dmmsuid=2023343 text/html utf-8 document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Forrester Jay System Dynamics and K-12 Teachers 1996 Forrester1996 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/readings/teachers.pdf 2013-05-29 06:23:37 journalArticle Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization 26 2 DOI 10.3138/E635-7827-1757-9T53 Harley J B Deconstructing the map The paper draws on ideas in postmodern thinking to redefine the nature of maps as representations of power. The traditional rules of cartography – long rooted in a scientific epistemology of the map as an objective form of knowledge – will first be reviewed as an object of deconstruction. Second, a deconstructionist argument will explore the textuality of maps, including their metaphorical and rhetorical nature. Third, the paper will examine the dimensions both of external power and of the omnipresence of internal power in the cartographic representation of place. Cet article s'aventure dans des concepts post-modernes afin de redéfinir la nature des cartes comme étant des représentations du pouvoir. Longuement enracinées dans une épistémologie scientifique de la carte comme forme objective de connaissance, les règles traditionnelles de la cartographie seront d'abord revues en tant qu'objets de "déconstruction". Ensuite, les arguments d'un "déconstructioniste" exploreront la "textualité" des cartes, y compris leurs natures métaphorique et rhétorique. Enfin, l'article examinera à la fois les dimensions du pouvoir externe et celles de l'omniprésence du pouvoir interne dans la représentation cartographique d'endroits. 1-20 October 1, 1989 http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/E635-7827-1757-9T53 2014-04-21 11:58:28 MetaPress document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Albin Stephanie Choudhari Mark Forrester Jay Generic Structures: First-Order Positive Feedback 1996 Albin1996 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/readings/genericpositive.pdf 2013-05-28 21:02:51 document University of Massachusetts, Amherst McGarigal Kevin FRAGSTATS Help 2013 McGarigal2013 http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/documents/fragstats.help.4.2.pdf book Cambridge University Press Smith Thomas Michael Shugart H. H. Woodward F. I. Nature / Plants / Flowers Science / Life Sciences / Biology Science / Life Sciences / Botany Science / Life Sciences / Ecology Technology & Engineering / Environmental / General Plant Functional Types: Their Relevance to Ecosystem Properties and Global Change When predicting the effects of changing climate and carbon dioxide on plants at the global scale there is a major stumbling block--we have very little information, in many cases none, about how plants will respond in the future. In order to circumvent this problem, and until more information on species accumulates, we reduce the diversity of species to a diversity of functions and structures. The structures may be trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses. The functions may be types of photosynthetic processes, the capacity to minimize water loss and varying the timing of growth. This book describes approaches and methods for defining these functional types in ways that maximize our potential to predict accurately the responses of real vegetation with real species diversity. This book will be useful to those interested in botany, ecology, and environmental science. 1997-05-13 392 en ISBN 9780521566438 Plant Functional Types Google Books attachment Google Books Link 2014-02-04 09:22:24 http://books.google.de/books?id=0VPEmVSlePoC text/html webpage The data deluge | The Economist TheEconomist2010 http://www.economist.com/printedition/2010-02-27 2014-01-06 15:40:23 http://faculty.smu.edu/tfomby/eco5385/The%20Economist-data-data-everywhere.pdf attachment The data deluge | The Economist 2014-01-06 15:40:24 http://www.economist.com/printedition/2010-02-27 text/html utf-8 journalArticle Science 296 5573 Science DOI 10.1126/science.1071148 ISSN 0036-8075, 1095-9203 Maeder Paul Fliessbach Andreas Dubois David Gunst Lucie Fried Padruot Niggli Urs Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming An understanding of agroecosystems is key to determining effective farming systems. Here we report results from a 21-year study of agronomic and ecological performance of biodynamic, bioorganic, and conventional farming systems in Central Europe. We found crop yields to be 20% lower in the organic systems, although input of fertilizer and energy was reduced by 34 to 53% and pesticide input by 97%. Enhanced soil fertility and higher biodiversity found in organic plots may render these systems less dependent on external inputs. 1694-1697 05/31/2002 en Maeder2002 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/296/5573/1694 2014-02-04 09:06:32 www.sciencemag.org PMID: 12040197 attachment PubMed entry 2014-02-04 09:06:32 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040197 text/html attachment Snapshot 2014-02-04 09:06:32 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/296/5573/1694.full text/html utf-8 journalArticle Balram Shivanand Dragicevic Suzana Feick Rob Collaborative GIS for spatial decision support and visualization 1963-1965 May 2009 Balram2009 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479708002077 2014-01-06 10:29:36 ScienceDirect Journal of Environmental Management 90 6 Journal of Environmental Management DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.014 ISSN 0301-4797 attachment ScienceDirect Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 10:29:36 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479708002077/pdfft?md5=4f475514941422cc3a8f4d484cd8cd92&pid=1-s2.0-S0301479708002077-main.pdf application/pdf attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-01-06 10:29:36 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479708002077 text/html utf-8 journalArticle Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 18 3 Journal of Visual Languages & Computing DOI 10.1016/j.jvlc.2007.02.006 ISSN 1045-926X Compieta P. Di Martino S. Bertolotto M. Ferrucci F. Kechadi T. Data mining Exploratory visualization Spatio-temporal data Exploratory spatio-temporal data mining and visualization Spatio-temporal data sets are often very large and difficult to analyze and display. Since they are fundamental for decision support in many application contexts, recently a lot of interest has arisen toward data-mining techniques to filter out relevant subsets of very large data repositories as well as visualization tools to effectively display the results. In this paper we propose a data-mining system to deal with very large spatio-temporal data sets. Within this system, new techniques have been developed to efficiently support the data-mining process, address the spatial and temporal dimensions of the data set, and visualize and interpret results. In particular, two complementary 3D visualization environments have been implemented. One exploits Google Earth to display the mining outcomes combined with a map and other geographical layers, while the other is a Java3D-based tool for providing advanced interactions with the data set in a non-geo-referenced space, such as displaying association rules and variable distributions. 255-279 June 2007 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X07000134 2014-01-06 10:31:17 ScienceDirect attachment ScienceDirect Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 10:31:17 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X07000134/pdfft?md5=9d1ff90ae4b3d770e94a6dcdea061733&pid=1-s2.0-S1045926X07000134-main.pdf application/pdf attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-01-06 10:31:17 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X07000134 text/html utf-8 bookSection Global Change — The IGBP Series Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World ISBN 978-3-540-32729-5, 978-3-540-32730-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg Lavorel Sandra Díaz Sandra Cornelissen J. Hans C. Garnier Eric Harrison Sandy P. McIntyre Sue Pausas Juli G. Pérez-Harguindeguy Natalia Roumet Catherine Urcelay Carlos Canadell Josep G. Pataki Diane E. Pitelka Louis F. Biogeosciences climate change Geoecology/Natural Processes Meteorology/Climatology Physical Geography Soil Science & Conservation Plant Functional Types: Are We Getting Any Closer to the Holy Grail? 2007/01/01 149-164 Lavorel2007 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-32730-1_13 2014-02-04 09:25:44 http://www.uv.es/jgpausas/papers/Lavorel2007InCanadell.pdf link.springer.com ©2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg attachment Snapshot 2014-02-04 09:25:44 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-540-32730-1_13#page-1 text/html utf-8 webpage Learning R | Finding my way around R LearningR http://learnr.wordpress.com/ 2014-01-07 08:52:21 http://learnr.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/latbook.pdf http://learnr.wordpress.com/2009/06/28/ggplot2-version-of-figures-in-lattice-multivariate-data-visualization-with-r-part-1/ http://learnr.wordpress.com/2009/08/26/ggplot2-version-of-figures-in-lattice-multivariate-data-visualization-with-r-final-part/ attachment Learning R | Finding my way around R 2014-01-07 08:52:22 http://learnr.wordpress.com/ text/html utf-8 journalArticle Learning and Instruction 12 1 Learning and Instruction DOI 10.1016/S0959-4752(01)00018-4 ISSN 0959-4752 Mayer Richard E. Moreno Roxana Animation Design principles Multimedia learning Narration Problem solving Aids to computer-based multimedia learning Computer-based multimedia learning environments — consisting of pictures (such as animation) and words (such as narration) — offer a potentially powerful venue for improving student understanding. How can we use words and pictures to help people understand how scientific systems work, such as how a lightning storm develops, how the human respiratory system operates, or how a bicycle tire pump works? This paper presents a cognitive theory of multimedia learning which draws on dual coding theory, cognitive load theory, and constructivist learning theory. Based on the theory, principles of instructional design for fostering multimedia learning are derived and tested. The multiple representation principle states that it is better to present an explanation in words and pictures than solely in words. The contiguity principle is that it is better to present corresponding words and pictures simultaneously rather than separately when giving a multimedia explanation. The coherence principle is that multimedia explanations are better understood when they include few rather than many extraneous words and sounds. The modality principle is that it is better to present words as auditory narration than as visual on-screen text. The redundancy principle is that it is better to present animation and narration than to present animation, narration, and on-screen text. By beginning with a cognitive theory of how learners process multimedia information, we have been able to conduct focused research that yields some preliminary principles of instructional design for multimedia messages. 107-119 February 2002 Mayer2002 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959475201000184 2014-04-20 13:26:11 ScienceDirect webpage Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization - Volume 46, Number 4 /2011 - University of Toronto Press http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/w3071444v272 2014-01-06 07:58:42 attachment Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization - Volume 46, Number 4 /2011 - University of Toronto Press 2014-01-06 07:58:43 http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/w3071444v272 text/html utf-8 document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Zhu Helen Forrester Jay Beginner Modeling Exercises - Section 3: Mental Simulation of Simple Negative Feedback 2001 Zhu2001 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/readings/negative.pdf 2013-05-29 12:58:24 book Bern hep verlag Müller Claude Implementation von Problem-based Learning Problem-based Learning (PBL) ist weitgehend selbstgesteuertes Lernen in kleinen studentischen Gruppen, mit tutorieller Unterstützung. Im Zentrum steht die Erforschung, Erklärung und Lösung von bedeutsamen Problemstellungen. In diesem Buch werden Entwicklungsgeschichte und Charakteristiken des PBL und seine lerntheoretischen Bezüge detailliert vorgestellt und kritisch diskutiert. Der Schwerpunkt liegt bei der Analyse der Implementationsbedingungen. Ausgehend von bisherigen theoretischen und empirischen Erkenntnissen sowie einer Evaluationsstudie an einer Institution des tertiären Bildungsbereichs, werden Gestaltungsempfehlungen zur Implementation von PBL formuliert und in einem praxisorientierten PBL-Implementations-Modell zusammengefasst. Auflage: 1 1. Januar 2007 Deutsch ISBN 9783039053988 Amazon.com attachment Amazon.com Link 2014-04-23 15:47:11 http://www.amazon.de/Implementation-Problem-based-Learning-Claude-M%C3%BCller/dp/3039053981 text/html journalArticle Zeitschrift für Didaktik der Naturwissenschaften 17 Gryl Inga Kanwischer Detlef Geomedien und Kompetenzentwicklung – ein Modell zur reflexiven Kartenarbeit im Unterricht 2011 webpage GEO-Portal - GEOSS Home Plenary http://www.geoportal.org/web/guest/geo_home_stp 2014-01-06 10:40:41 attachment GEO-Portal - GEOSS Home Plenary 2014-01-06 10:40:42 http://www.geoportal.org/web/guest/geo_home_stp text/html utf-8 webpage MIT OpenCourseWare Forrester Jay Computational Modeling and Simulation Computer Modeling Computer Models Feedback Feedback Loops Generic Structures Model Validity Operations Management Oscillation Sensitivity Analysis S-Shaped Growth System Dynamics System Dynamics in Education Systems Optimization Transferability of Structures System Dynamics Self Study Many books and thousands of papers cover the field of system dynamics. With all of these resources available, it can be difficult to know where to begin. The System Dynamics in Education Project at MIT put together these resources to help people sort through the vast library of books and papers on system dynamics. This course site includes a collection of papers and computer exercises entitled &ldquo;Road Maps,&rdquo; as well as a collection of assignments and solutions that were initially part of a guided study to system dynamics.&nbsp; Note that while the level of the course indicated in the upper right corner of the screen is "Undergraduate / Graduate," the material is suitable for people ranging from K-12 students to chief executives of corporations. 1998 Forrester1998 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/ 2013-05-28 19:14:37 CC-BY-NC-SA attachment Snapshot 2013-05-28 19:14:37 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/index.htm text/html utf-8 bookSection Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4404 Visual Data Mining ISBN 978-3-540-71079-0, 978-3-540-71080-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg Keim Daniel A. Mansmann Florian Schneidewind Jörn Thomas Jim Ziegler Hartmut Simoff Simeon J. Böhlen Michael H. Mazeika Arturas Computer Graphics Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Information Storage and Retrieval Visual Analytics: Scope and Challenges In today’s applications data is produced at unprecedented rates. While the capacity to collect and store new data rapidly grows, the ability to analyze these data volumes increases at much lower rates. This gap leads to new challenges in the analysis process, since analysts, decision makers, engineers, or emergency response teams depend on information hidden in the data. The emerging field of visual analytics focuses on handling these massive, heterogenous, and dynamic volumes of information by integrating human judgement by means of visual representations and interaction techniques in the analysis process. Furthermore, it is the combination of related research areas including visualization, data mining, and statistics that turns visual analytics into a promising field of research. This paper aims at providing an overview of visual analytics, its scope and concepts, addresses the most important research challenges and presents use cases from a wide variety of application scenarios. 2008/01/01 76-90 Keim2008 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-71080-6_6 2014-01-06 07:16:44 http://www.inf.uni-konstanz.de/gk/pubsys/publishedFiles/KeMaSc08.pdf link.springer.com ©2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 07:16:44 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-540-71080-6_6 text/html utf-8 book Cambridge ; New York Cambridge University Press Solomon Susan Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Climatic changes Environmental aspects Government policy Greenhouse gases Greenhouse gas mitigation International cooperation Climate change 2007: the physical science basis: contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 996 ISBN 9780521880091 IPCC2007 http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html Library of Congress ISBN QC981.8.C5 C511345 2007 "Published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change." Summary for policymakers -- Technical summary -- Historical overview of climate change science -- Changes in atmospheric constituents and radiative forcing -- Observations: atmospheric surface and climate change -- Observations: changes in snow, ice, and frozen ground -- Observations: ocean climate change and sea level -- Paleoclimate -- Coupling between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry -- Climate models and their evaluation -- Understanding and attributing climate change -- Global climate projections -- Regional climate projections -- Annex I: Glossary -- Annex II: Contributors to the IPCC WGI Fourth Assessment Report -- Annex III: Reviewers of the IPCC WGI Fourth Assessment Report -- Annex IV: Acronyms journalArticle Chandler Paul Sweller John Cognitive Load Theory and the Format of Instruction Cognitive load theory suggests that effective instructional material facilitates learning by directing cognitive resources toward activities that are relevant to learning rather than toward preliminaries to learning. One example of ineffective instruction occurs if learners unnecessarily are required to mentally integrate disparate sources of mutually referring information such as separate text and diagrams. Such split-source information may generate a heavy cognitive load, because material must be mentally integrated before learning can commence. This article reports findings from six experiments testing the consequences of split-source and integrated information using electrical engineering and biology instructional materials. Experiment 1 was designed to compare conventional instructions with integrated instructions over a period of several months in an industrial training setting. The materials chosen were unintelligible without mental integration. Results favored integrated instructions throughout the 3-month study. Experiment 2 was designed to investigate the possible differences between conventional and integrated instructions in areas in which it was not essential for sources of information to be integrated to be understood. The results suggest that integrated instructions were no better than split-source information in such areas. Experiments 3, 4, and 5 indicate that the introduction of seemingly useful but nonessential explanatory material (e.g., a commentary on a diagram) could have deleterious effects even when presented in integrated format. Experiment 6 found that the need for physical integration was restored if the material was organized in such a manner that individual units could not be understood alone. In light of these results and previous findings, suggestions are made for cognitively guided instructional packages. 293-332 1991 Chandler1991 http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci0804_2 2014-04-20 14:13:09 Taylor and Francis+NEJM Cognition and Instruction 8 4 DOI 10.1207/s1532690xci0804_2 ISSN 0737-0008 book Oxford University Press Paivio Allan Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Psycholinguistics Psychology / Cognitive Psychology Mental Representations: A Dual Coding Approach 1990 338 en ISBN 9780195362008 Mental Representations Google Books attachment Google Books Link 2014-04-20 20:55:31 http://books.google.de/books?id=hLGmKkh_4K8C text/html journalArticle Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20 1 DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.001131 Turner M G Landscape Ecology: The Effect of Pattern on Process 171-197 1989 Turner1989 http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.001131 2013-12-03 14:24:29 Annual Reviews journalArticle Walz Ulrich Stein Christian Closeness to nature Hemeroby index Human impact on the environment Landscape indicator Land use change Naturalness Potential natural vegetation Spatial planning Indicators of hemeroby for the monitoring of landscapes in Germany The article discusses the concepts of “closeness to nature” and “hemeroby”, and outlines a method to establish two indicators of hemeroby. Until now Germany's national land use monitoring systems have lacked an indicator to capture the naturalness respectively hemeroby of the landscape. Based on digital spatial data on land use (DLM-DE) and the mapping of potential natural vegetation, these indicators have now been estimated for the whole of Germany and illustrated cartographically. The indicators have been integrated into a land use monitoring system (IOER-Monitor). A hemeroby index that considers all hemeroby classes of a reference area (e.g. administrative unit and regular grid cell) is presented as well as an indicator named “Proportion of certain natural areas”. The results on hemeroby of several time-cuts can be used to estimate the cumulative impact of land use changes on the environmental status. 279-289 June 2014 Walz2014 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138114000168 2014-10-14 09:11:20 ScienceDirect Journal for Nature Conservation 22 3 Journal for Nature Conservation DOI 10.1016/j.jnc.2014.01.007 ISSN 1617-1381 attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-10-14 09:11:20 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138114000168 text/html utf-8 journalArticle Solem Michael Cheung Ivan Schlemper M. Beth Skills in Professional Geography: An Assessment of Workforce Needs and Expectations This study compares the skills of professional geographers and the needs of employer organizations across major sectors of the U.S. workforce. Following a series of focus groups, two surveys were developed to explore: (1) the extent to which specific skills were performed by geographers in different professional positions, and (2) the value of and anticipated demand for those skills from the perspective of employers. Overall, respondents in the focus groups and both surveys emphasized the need for general skills ranging from time management and writing ability to information management and computer literacy. Employers also cited many geographic skills as being vital for enhancing the work of professionals in all types of organizations. Competency in field methods, the ability to work across disciplinary boundaries, and spatial thinking were three skill areas that characterized the work of geographic professionals irrespective of specialty. 356-373 2008 Solem2008 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00330120802013620 2013-10-21 21:28:02 Taylor and Francis+NEJM The Professional Geographer 60 3 DOI 10.1080/00330120802013620 ISSN 0033-0124 attachment Full Text PDF 2013-10-21 21:28:02 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00330120802013620 application/pdf attachment Snapshot 2013-10-21 21:28:02 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00330120802013620#.UmWcURAlU7I text/html utf-8 journalArticle Communications of the ACM 11 3 Dijkstra Edgar Go to statement considered harmful 147-148 1968 Dijkstra1968 https://files.ifi.uzh.ch/rerg/arvo/courses/kvse/uebungen/Dijkstra_Goto.pdf webpage Elinor Ostrom - Facts Nobelprize http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2009/ostrom-facts.html 2013-11-28 18:19:57 attachment Elinor Ostrom - Facts 2013-11-28 18:19:58 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2009/ostrom-facts.html text/html utf-8 webpage American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) LASer (LAS) File Format Exchange Activities ASPRS-LAS http://www.asprs.org/Committee-General/LASer-LAS-File-Format-Exchange-Activities.html 2013-12-10 14:03:28 attachment LASer (LAS) File Format Exchange Activities 2013-12-10 14:03:29 http://www.asprs.org/Committee-General/LASer-LAS-File-Format-Exchange-Activities.html text/html utf-8 journalArticle Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 36 1 DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152614 Turner Monica G. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY: What Is the State of the Science? Landscape ecology focuses on the reciprocal interactions between spatial pattern and ecological processes, and it is well integrated with ecology. The field has grown rapidly over the past 15 years. The persistent influence of land-use history and natural disturbance on contemporary ecosystems has become apparent. Development of pattern metrics has largely stabilized, and they are widely used to relate landscape pattern to ecological responses. Analyses conducted at multiple scales have demonstrated the importance of landscape pattern for many taxa, and spatially mediated interspecific interactions are receiving increased attention. Disturbance remains prominent in landscape studies, and current research is addressing disturbance interactions. Integration of ecosystem and landscape ecology remains challenging but should enhance understanding of landscape function. Landscape ecology should continue to refine knowledge of when spatial heterogeneity is fundamentally important, rigorously test the generality of its concepts, and develop a more mechanistic understanding of the relationships between pattern and process. 319-344 2005 Turner2005 http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152614 2013-12-03 13:29:40 Annual Reviews webpage Symposium on Spatial Statistics, Past, Present and Future Anselin Luc geography GIScience spatial What is Special About Spatial Data? Alternative Perspectives on Spatial Data Analysis The analysis of spatial data has always played a central role in the quantitative scientific tradition in geography. Recently, there have appeared a considerable number of publications devoted to presenting research results and to assessing the state of the art. 1989 Anselin1989 http://www.dces.wisc.edu/documents/articles/curtis/cesoc977/Anselin1989.pdf 2014-01-06 16:50:04 webpage Center for History and New Media Zotero Quick Start Guide http://zotero.org/support/quick_start_guide <p><strong>Willkommen bei Zotero!</strong></p><p>Anhand des Schnelleinstiegs lässt sich das Sammeln, Handhaben, Zitieren und Teilen von Quellen erlernen.</p><p>Vielen Dank, dass Sie Zotero installiert haben.</p> book Systemzoo Norderstedt Books on Demand Bossel Hartmut Systemzoo 2 2 3 2004 German ISBN 3833412402 9783833412400 Bossel2004b http://www.usf.uni-kassel.de/cesr/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=141&func=fileinfo&id=109 Open WorldCat <p>Please note that Systemzoo [engl. System Zoo] is a series of 3 books. They are available in <a title="Systemzoo at Amazon.de" href="http://www.amazon.de/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?__mk_de_DE=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&amp;url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&amp;field-keywords=Bossel+Systemzoo&amp;rh=n%3A186606%2Ck%3ABossel+Systemzoo" target="_blank">German</a> and <a title="System Zoo at Amazon.com" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&amp;field-keywords=Bossel+system+zoo&amp;rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3ABossel+system+zoo" target="_blank">English.</a></p> attachment Amazon.com Link 2013-10-27 06:58:18 http://www.amazon.de/Systemzoo-2-Klima-%C3%96kosysteme-Ressourcen/dp/3833412402/ref=pd_sim_b_3 text/html book Routledge Reigeluth Charles M. Education / Computers & Technology Education / General Education / Home Schooling Instructional-design Theories and Models: A New Paradigm of Instructional Theory Instructional theory describes a variety of methods of instruction (different ways of facilitating human learning and development) and when to use--and not use--each of those methods. It is about how to help people learn better. This volume provides a concise summary of a broad sampling of new methods of instruction currently under development, helps show the interrelationships among these diverse theories, and highlights current issues and trends in instructional design. It is a sequel to Instructional-Design Theories and Models: An Overview of Their Current Status, which provided a "snapshot in time" of the status of instructional theory in the early 1980s. Dramatic changes in the nature of instructional theory have occurred since then, partly in response to advances in knowledge about the human brain and learning theory, partly due to shifts in educational philosophies and beliefs, and partly in response to advances in information technologies. These changes have made new methods of instruction not only possible, but also necessary in order to take advantage of new instructional capabilities offered by the new technologies. These changes are so dramatic that many argue they constitute a new paradigm of instruction, which requires a new paradigm of instructional theory. In short, there is a clear need for this Volume II of Instructional Design Theories and Models. To attain the broad sampling of methods and theories it presents, and to make this book more useful for practitioners as well as graduate students interested in education and training, this volume contains twice as many chapters, but each half as long as the ones in Volume I, and the descriptions are generally less technical. Several unique features are provided by the editor to help readers understand and compare the theories in this book: *Chapter 1, which discusses the characteristics of instructional theory and the nature of the new paradigm of instruction, helps the reader identify commonalities across the theories. *Chapter forewords, which summarize the major elements of the instructional-design theories, are useful for reviewing and comparing theories, as well as for previewing a theory to decide if it is of interest, and for developing a general schema that will make it easier to understand. *Editor's notes provide additional help in understanding and comparing the theories and the new paradigm of instruction to which they belong. *Units 2 and 4 have introductory chapters to help readers analyze and understand the theories in those units. This is an essential book for anyone interested in exploring new approaches to fostering human learning and development and thinking creatively about ways to best meet the needs of learners in all kinds of learning contexts. Readers are invited to use Dr. Charles Reigeluth's Web site to comment and to view others' comments about the instructional design theories in this book, as well as other theories. Point your browser to: www.indiana.edu/~idtheory 1999 729 en ISBN 1135706670 Instructional-design Theories and Models Google Books attachment Google Books Link 2014-04-20 17:45:52 http://books.google.de/books?id=OWavJCNfhcsC text/html document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Breierova, Lucia Use of Generic Structures and Reality of Stocks and Flows 1996 Breierova1996 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/readings/mistakes2.pdf journalArticle Clark James M. Paivio Allan Clinical Psychology Education (general) imagery Pedagogic Psychology Psychological Methods/Evaluation unified educational theory verbal processes Dual coding theory and education Dual coding theory (DCT) explains human behavior and experience in terms of dynamic associative processes that operate on a rich network of modality-specific verbal and nonverbal (or imagery) representations. We first describe the underlying premises of the theory and then show how the basic DCT mechanisms can be used to model diverse educational phenomena. The research demonstrates that concreteness, imagery, and verbal associative processes play major roles in various educational domains: the representation and comprehension of knowledge, learning and memory of school material, effective instruction, individual differences, achievement motivation and test anxiety, and the learning of motor skills. DCT also has important implications for the science and practice of educational psychology — specifically, for educational research and teacher education. We show not only that DCT provides a unified explanation for diverse topics in education, but also that its mechanistic framework accommodates theories cast in terms of strategies and other high-level psychological processes. Although much additional research needs to be done, the concrete models that DCT offers for the behavior and experience of students, teachers, and educational psychologists further our understanding of educational phenomena and strengthen related pedagogical practices. 149-210 1991/09/01 en http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01320076 2014-04-20 20:47:50 link.springer.com Educational Psychology Review 3 3 Educ Psychol Rev DOI 10.1007/BF01320076 ISSN 1040-726X, 1573-336X journalArticle Reese Heather Olsson Håkan Alpine vegetation C-correction Empirical parameter Illumination Landsat Sampling SPOT Stratification Topographic normalization C-correction of optical satellite data over alpine vegetation areas: A comparison of sampling strategies for determining the empirical c-parameter Semi-empirical topographic normalization methods (e.g., C-correction) have been widely used to correct illumination differences in optical satellite data. The objective of this study was to examine the precision and accuracy of the C-correction's empirical parameter, c, as a function of the sample from which it was derived. Three sampling methods were compared: a random sample, a sample stratified on north and south aspects, and a sample stratified by cosine of the solar incidence angle, i. In the latter, power allocation was used to determine the quantity of observations for each stratum. Four overlapping satellite images were used (two Landsat 5 TM and two SPOT 5 HRG) with different acquisition dates and large solar zenith angles over an alpine region in Sweden. The sample stratified by cosine of i produced c with the highest precision from repeated trials and had coefficients of determination (R2) twice as high as those from the other sampling methods. Use of power allocation in the cosine of i stratified sample enabled better representation of spectral variability; this was particularly important for the NIR band where the outcome of c differed according to sampling method. Evaluations using t-tests and classification accuracy showed that c derived from the cosine of i stratified sample correctly normalized a larger percentage of the evaluation data. The distribution of cosine of i in the study area, the spectral variability and vegetation types exert influences to consider when sampling to derive c. Although sampling was restricted to alpine vegetation only, some vegetation classes may have benefitted from separate c-parameter calculation. In general, dry alpine heath and alpine grass heath had relatively higher c-parameters, mesic alpine heath was slightly lower, and alpine willow and alpine meadow had lower c-parameters for the near-infrared band. The cosine of i stratified sampling method using power allocation may be useful for calculation of c for vegetation conditions other than those presented here, as well as for other empirical parameters (e.g., the Minnaert constant, k). 1387-1400 June 15, 2011 Reese2011 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425711000411 2014-04-28 15:16:43 ScienceDirect Remote Sensing of Environment 115 6 Remote Sensing of Environment DOI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.01.019 ISSN 0034-4257 journalArticle International Journal of Remote Sensing 32 15 DOI 10.1080/01431161.2011.552923 ISSN 0143-1161 Pontius Robert Gilmore Millones Marco Death to Kappa: birth of quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement for accuracy assessment The family of Kappa indices of agreement claim to compare a map's observed classification accuracy relative to the expected accuracy of baseline maps that can have two types of randomness: (1) random distribution of the quantity of each category and (2) random spatial allocation of the categories. Use of the Kappa indices has become part of the culture in remote sensing and other fields. This article examines five different Kappa indices, some of which were derived by the first author in 2000. We expose the indices' properties mathematically and illustrate their limitations graphically, with emphasis on Kappa's use of randomness as a baseline, and the often-ignored conversion from an observed sample matrix to the estimated population matrix. This article concludes that these Kappa indices are useless, misleading and/or flawed for the practical applications in remote sensing that we have seen. After more than a decade of working with these indices, we recommend that the profession abandon the use of Kappa indices for purposes of accuracy assessment and map comparison, and instead summarize the cross-tabulation matrix with two much simpler summary parameters: quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement. This article shows how to compute these two parameters using examples taken from peer-reviewed literature. 4407-4429 2011 Pontius2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2011.552923 2014-06-17 07:06:39 Taylor and Francis+NEJM attachment Snapshot 2014-06-17 07:06:39 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01431161.2011.552923#.U5_o6ygVcoM text/html utf-8 book New York Springer Turner Monica Goigel Gardner R. H O'Neill R. V Landscape ecology in theory and practice: pattern and process 2001 English ISBN 0387951229 9780387951225 0387951237 9780387951232 Turner2001 Open WorldCat attachment Amazon.com Link 2013-12-03 15:07:30 http://www.amazon.de/Landscape-Ecology-Theory-Practice-Pattern/dp/0387951237/ref=sr_1_3?s=books-intl-de&ie=UTF8&qid=1386083225&sr=1-3&keywords=landscape+ecology text/html bookSection Handbuch Medien: Medienkompetenz. Modelle und Projekte Baacke Dieter Baacke Dieter Kornblum Susanne Lauffer Jürgen Mikos Lothar Thiele Günter A. Medienkompetenz 1999 Baacke1999 http://www.lpb-freiburg.de/fileadmin/templ/pdf/Neue_Medien_im_Politikunterricht/baacke_medienkompetenz.pdf journalArticle Rüdisser Johannes Tasser Erich Tappeiner Ulrike Austria GIS Hemeroby Landscape indicator Land use Naturalness Distance to nature—A new biodiversity relevant environmental indicator set at the landscape level The ongoing worldwide biodiversity crisis comes along with a growing demand for feasible environmental indicators to measure, evaluate and communicate anthropogenic influence on biodiversity. Those indicators can be useful tools for national and regional management and support decision making processes. We propose degree of naturalness (Nd), distance to natural habitat (Dn) and the composite index distance to nature (D2N) as a highly comprehensible environmental indicator set that can be used as surrogate for land use related anthropogenic influence on biodiversity. A high resolution naturalness map for Austria based on the best nationwide available land use data was produced and used to test and demonstrate the applicability of the indicator set. Spatially inclusive and comprehensive indicator maps were calculated for the entire country (83,872 km2). Exemplary indicator values for all 2359 municipalities and six altitudinal zones were calculated and evaluated. Indicator maps of Austria clearly delimitate regions with elevated anthropogenic pressure on biodiversity due to land use characteristics. A sensitivity analysis conducted to evaluate the effect of land use data with different spatial and thematic resolution on the indicators showed that Dn reacts sensitive to spatially more detailed information about natural and near natural habitats. By contrast Nd and D2N were robust regarding the spatial and thematic resolution of input data. The proposed indicators do not measure biodiversity or a part of it directly, but the degree of habitat changes caused by anthropogenic land use, therefore they can be used for analysis over wide geographic ranges including different bio-geographic or climatic zones, and different spatial scales. 208-216 April 2012 Ruedisser2012 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X11003165 2014-10-14 09:11:24 ScienceDirect Ecological Indicators 15 1 Ecological Indicators DOI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.09.027 ISSN 1470-160X attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-10-14 09:11:24 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X11003165 text/html utf-8 journalArticle External and Internal Representations in Multimedia Learning Learning and Instruction 13 2 Learning and Instruction DOI 10.1016/S0959-4752(02)00017-8 ISSN 0959-4752 Schnotz Wolfgang Bannert Maria Depictive representations Descriptive representations Interference with mental model construction Mental models Picture comprehension Propositional representations Support of mental model construction Text comprehension Visual images Construction and interference in learning from multiple representation This paper presents an integrated view of learning from verbal and pictorial representations. Learning from these representations is considered as a task oriented process of constructing multiple mental representations. Construction of these representations includes information selection and information organisation, parsing of symbol structures, mapping of analog structures as well as model construction and model inspection. Based on this theoretical view an experiment was conducted to analyse the effects of different kinds of multiple external representations on the structure of mental models. Sixty university students were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions. The text-only group learned the subject matter with a hypertext, whereas the other two groups learned the subject matter with a hypermedium including this hypertext and different kinds of graphics. The findings indicate that the structure of graphics affects the structure of the mental model. They also indicate that presenting graphics is not always beneficial for the acquisition of knowledge. Whereas task-appropriate graphics may support learning, task-inappropriate graphics may interfere with mental model construction. 141-156 April 2003 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959475202000178 2014-04-21 06:24:21 ScienceDirect attachment ScienceDirect Full Text PDF 2014-04-21 06:24:21 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959475202000178/pdfft?md5=9f8ad2f24d3b780418b16a8be1945bf3&pid=1-s2.0-S0959475202000178-main.pdf application/pdf attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-04-21 06:24:21 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959475202000178 text/html utf-8 journalArticle Learning and Instruction 14 4 ten Dam G. Volman M. Critical thinking as a citizenship competence: teaching strategies 359-379 2004 tenDam2004 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959475204000076 journalArticle Riaño D. Chuvieco E. Salas J. Aguado I. C method Digital elevation models geography Landsat Thematic Mapper images Landsat-TM data Lighting low illuminated slopes Optical interferometry Optical scattering performance Reflectivity Remote sensing Satellites spectral characteristics Surface topography topographic correction methods topography (Earth) vegetation mapping vegetation type mapping Assessment of different topographic corrections in Landsat-TM data for mapping vegetation types (2003) Different methods for topographic correction of Landsat Thematic Mapper images have been assessed in the context of mapping vegetation types. The best results were obtained with a variation of the C method, which takes into account the overcorrection of low illuminated slopes by the original C method. The performance of this method was tested using two criteria: the changes in the spectral characteristics of the image and the reduction in standard deviation of each vegetation type after the correction. 1056-1061 May 2003 Riano2003 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1206729&abstractAccess=no&userType=inst IEEE Xplore https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CDMQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F3203171_Assessment_of_different_topographic_corrections_in_Landsat-TM_data_for_mapping_vegetation_types_(2003)%2Ffile%2F9c96051de84cbd8dfc.pdf&ei=nW9eU-OJLcSS7AaE9IG4DQ&usg=AFQjCNEAITwaiDPps74aHNGXNdlcgXB8lw&sig2=4NVnzHIfDSleDpPIOe4K7Q&bvm=bv.65397613,d.ZGU&cad=rja IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 41 5 DOI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.811693 ISSN 0196-2892 document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Martin Leslie A. Forrester Jay An Introduction to Feedback 1997 Martin1997b http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/readings/feedback.pdf 2013-05-29 13:21:53 magazineArticle Panorama2 Rauch C. Der perfekte Gipfel Was ist die wahre Größe eines Berges? Mit geowissen- schaftlichen Kennzahlen und Formeln lässt sich bestimmen, wie bedeutsam ein Gipfel ist. Aber nicht nur Zahlen machen einen Berg berühmt – der Mensch bestimmt, was ihm gefällt. Christian Rauch begibt sich auf die Suche nach den Maß- stäben in der Gebirgswelt. 2012 112-117 Rauch2012 http://www.alpenverein.de/chameleon/public/e73377b2-4b18-f439-1392-c5758cd00d88/Panorama-2-2012-Prominente-Berge_19663.pdf journalArticle Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 22 4 Journal of Visual Languages & Computing DOI 10.1016/j.jvlc.2011.03.002 ISSN 1045-926X Schumann Heidrun Tominski Christian Association analysis Extended focus+context Geo-spatial data Hierarchical data Visual analytics Analytical, visual and interactive concepts for geo-visual analytics Supporting the visual analysis of structured multivariate geo-spatial data is a challenging task involving many different aspects. In this paper, we describe a systematic view of this task based on Chi's data state reference model. The analytical, visual and interaction components of the systematic view will be instantiated with specific examples that demonstrate how their tight interconnection facilitates exploration and analysis of geo-spatial data. In particular, we address the visualization of hierarchical structures on maps applying an extended focus+context concept. Moreover, we introduce an approach to extracting association rules from geo-spatial data and visualizing them on maps. 257-267 August 2011 Schumann2011 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X11000176 2014-01-06 10:34:46 ScienceDirect attachment ScienceDirect Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 10:34:46 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X11000176/pdfft?md5=4763116c5a95f3164211ea872f7611d3&pid=1-s2.0-S1045926X11000176-main.pdf application/pdf attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-01-06 10:34:46 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X11000176 text/html utf-8 journalArticle ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 7 Michener W.K. Brunt J.W. Helly J.J. Kirchner T.B. Stafford S.G. Nongeospatial metadata for the ecological sciences Issues related to data preservation and sharing are receiving increased attention from scientific societies, funding agencies, and the broad scientific community. Ecologists, for example, are increasingly using data collected by other scientists to address questions at broader spatial, temporal, and thematic scales e.g., global change, biodiversity, sustainability. No data set is perfect and self-explanatory. Ecologists must, therefore, rely upon a set of instructions or documentation to acquire a specific data set, determine its suitability for meeting specific research objectives, and accurately interpret results from subsequent processing, analysis, and modeling. `'Metadata'' represent the set of instructions or documentation that describe the content, context, quality, structure, and accessibility of a data set. Although geospatial metadata standards have been developed and widely endorsed by the geographical science community, such standards do not yet exist for the ecological sciences. In this paper, we examine potential benefits and costs associated with developing and implementing metadata for nongeospatial ecological data. We present a set of generic metadata descriptors that could serve as the basis for a `'metadata standard'' for nongeospatial ecological data. Alternative strategies for metadata implementation that meet differing organizational or investigator-specific objectives are presented. Finally, we conclude with several recommendations related to future development and implementation of ecological metadata. 330-342 1997 Michener1997 http://lits.bio.ic.ac.uk:8080/litsproject/Micheneretal1997.pdf book Bartelme Norbert Geowissenschaften / Informatik Geoinformatik: Modelle, Strukturen, Funktionen 4., vollst. überarb. Aufl.. 454 BartelmeBartelmeBartelmeBartelmeBartelmeBartelmeBartelmeBartelme Library Catalog - opac.ub.uni-marburg.de T 368 -4. Aufl.- attachment Library Catalog Entry Snapshot 2014-04-23 15:34:26 https://opac.ub.uni-marburg.de/DB=1/XMLPRS=N/PPN?PPN=128890371 text/html utf-8 attachment Link to Library Catalog Entry 2014-04-23 15:34:24 https://opac.ub.uni-marburg.de/DB=1/XMLPRS=N/PPN?PPN=128890371 text/html document Statistics Netherlands De Jonge Edwin van der Loo Mark An introduction to data cleaning with R 2013 DeJonge2013 http://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/de_Jonge+van_der_Loo-Introduction_to_data_cleaning_with_R.pdf book Springer Imboden Dieter Koch Sabine Systemanalyse: Einführung in die mathematische Modellierung natürlicher Systeme 1. Aufl. 2003. 3., korr. Nachdruck 2008 2003-03-17 255 ISBN 3540439358 Imboden2008 Amazon.com report Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Leyens Teresa Biodiversität des geplanten Schutzgebietes auf der Insel Fogo/ Kap Verde TÖB F - IV/6d 2001 113 Leyens2001 http://www2.gtz.de/dokumente/bib/02-5082.pdf document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Martin Leslie A. Forrester Jay The First Step 1997 Martin1997 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/readings/step.pdf 2013-05-29 06:25:42 journalArticle Andrienko Gennady Andrienko Natalia Dykes Jason Kraak Menno-Jan Schumann Heidrun GeoVA(t) – Geospatial Visual Analytics: Focus on Time 1453-1457 2010 Andrienko2010 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13658816.2010.519147 2014-01-06 07:53:26 Taylor and Francis+NEJM International Journal of Geographical Information Science 24 10 DOI 10.1080/13658816.2010.519147 ISSN 1365-8816 attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 07:53:26 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13658816.2010.519147#.Uspg7rTWu-N text/html utf-8 book Teachers College Press Fosnot Catherine Twomey Constructivism: Theory, Perspectives, and Practice, Second Edition 2005 347 en ISBN 9780807772591 Constructivism Google Books attachment Google Books Link 2014-04-20 17:43:12 http://books.google.de/books?id=-pIbAgAAQBAJ text/html webpage The John Snow Archive and Research Companion Snow John About John Snow About this Site anesthesia Benjamin Ward Richardson Bibliography Cholera, Chloroform, and the Science of Medicine: A Life of John Snow Contemporaries CSS Edmund Cooper epidemiology Home interpretive studies John Simon MATRIX medical cartography Online Companion other sites Other Web Sites Rev. H. Whitehead Snow's snow's contemporaries Snow's Works Welcome XHTML On the mode of communication of Cholera Text 1855 Snow1855 http://johnsnow.matrix.msu.edu/work.php?id=15-78-52 2014-01-06 18:34:54 English attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 18:34:54 http://johnsnow.matrix.msu.edu/work.php?id=15-78-52 text/html utf-8 journalArticle Shamoun-Baranes Judy Loon E. Emiel van Purves Ross S. Speckmann Bettina Weiskopf Daniel Camphuysen C. J. GPS movement ecology segmentation tracking trajectories Visual analytics Analysis and visualization of animal movement The interdisciplinary workshop ‘Analysis and Visualization of Moving Objects’ was held at the Lorentz Centre in Leiden, The Netherlands, from 27 June to 1 July 2011. It brought together international specialists from ecology, computer science and geographical information science actively involved in the exploration, visualization and analysis of moving objects, such as marine reptiles, mammals, birds, storms, ships, cars and pedestrians. The aim was to share expertise, methodologies, data and common questions between different fields, and to work towards making significant advances in movement research. A data challenge based on GPS tracking of lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus) was used to stimulate initial discussions, cross-fertilization between research groups and to serve as an initial focus for activities during the workshop. 6-9 02/23/2012 en Shamoun-Baranes2011 http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/8/1/6 2014-01-06 07:53:44 rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org PMID: 21865243 Biology Letters 8 1 Biol. Lett. DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0764 ISSN 1744-9561, 1744-957X attachment Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 07:53:44 http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/8/1/6.full.pdf application/pdf attachment PubMed entry 2014-01-06 07:53:44 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21865243 text/html attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 07:53:44 http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/8/1/6 text/html utf-8 magazineArticle Nature Education Knowledge 3 10 Bernhard A. The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact Bernhard2012 http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-nitrogen-cycle-processes-players-and-human-15644632 2014-01-27 20:00:17 attachment The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact | Learn Science at Scitable 2014-01-27 20:00:18 http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-nitrogen-cycle-processes-players-and-human-15644632 text/html utf-8 book Norderstedt Books on Demand Bossel Hartmut Systemzoo 1 2004 German ISBN 3833412399 9783833412394 Bossel2004a http://www.usf.uni-kassel.de/cesr/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=141&func=fileinfo&id=109 Open WorldCat <p>Please note that Systemzoo [engl. System Zoo] is a series of 3 books. They are available in <a title="Systemzoo at Amazon.de" href="http://www.amazon.de/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?__mk_de_DE=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&amp;url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&amp;field-keywords=Bossel+Systemzoo&amp;rh=n%3A186606%2Ck%3ABossel+Systemzoo" target="_blank">German</a> and <a title="System Zoo at Amazon.com" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&amp;field-keywords=Bossel+system+zoo&amp;rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3ABossel+system+zoo" target="_blank">English.</a></p> attachment Amazon.com Link 2013-10-27 07:03:56 http://www.amazon.de/Systemzoo-1-Elementarsysteme-Technik-Physik/dp/3833412399/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1382857319&sr=1-1&keywords=Bossel+Systemzoo text/html journalArticle Remote Sensing 1 3 DOI 10.3390/rs1030184 Richter Rudolf Kellenberger Tobias Kaufmann Hermann and modified Minnaert methods C Gamma multi-sensor imagery topography Comparison of Topographic Correction Methods A comparison of topographic correction methods is conducted for Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-7 ETM+, and SPOT-5 imagery from different geographic areas and seasons. Three successful and known methods are compared: the semi-empirical C correction, the Gamma correction depending on the incidence and exitance angles, and a modified Minnaert approach. In the majority of cases the modified Minnaert approach performed best, but no method is superior in all cases. 184-196 2009-07-06 en Richter2009 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/3/184 2014-04-28 05:51:11 www.mdpi.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/3/184/pdf report Stocker Thomas F. Qin Dahe Plattner Gian-Kasper Climate change 2013: The Physical Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifht Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC2013 http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/#.Ut7EU7Q1g-U 2014-01-21 19:23:29 attachment IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2014-01-21 19:23:30 http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/#.Ut7EU7Q1g-U text/html utf-8 journalArticle Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 62 9 Chavez Jr. Pat S. Image-Based Atmospheric Corrections-Revisited and Improved To generate acceptable radiometric correction results, a model is required that typically uses in-situ atmospheric measurements and radiative transfer code (RTC) to correct for atmospheric effects. The optimum radiometric correction procedure is one based solely on the digital image and requiring no in-situ field measurements during the satellite overflight. The dark-object subtraction (DOS) method, a strictly image-based technique, is an attempt to achieve this ideal procedure. However, the accuracy is not acceptable for many applications, mostly because it corrects only for the additive scattering effect and not for the multiplicative transmittance effect. This paper presents an entirely image- based procedure that expands on the DOS model by including a simple multiplicative correction for the effect of atmospheric transmittance. 1024-1038 1996 Chavez1996 http://www.asprs.org/PE-RS-Journals-1996/PE-RS-September-1996.html journalArticle Mayer Richard E. Moreno Roxana Nine Ways to Reduce Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning First, we propose a theory of multimedia learning based on the assumptions that humans possess separate systems for processing pictorial and verbal material (dual-channel assumption), each channel is limited in the amount of material that can be processed at one time (limited-capacity assumption), and meaningful learning involves cognitive processing including building connections between pictorial and verbal representations (active-processing assumption). Second, based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, we examine the concept of cognitive overload in which the learner's intended cognitive processing exceeds the learner's available cognitive capacity. Third, we examine five overload scenarios. For each overload scenario, we offer one or two theory-based suggestions for reducing cognitive load, and we summarize our research results aimed at testing the effectiveness of each suggestion. Overall, our analysis shows that cognitive load is a central consideration in the design of multimedia instruction. 43-52 2003 Mayer2003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_6 2014-04-20 13:24:02 Taylor and Francis+NEJM Educational Psychologist 38 1 DOI 10.1207/S15326985EP3801_6 ISSN 0046-1520 journalArticle Educational Psychologist 38 1 DOI 10.1207/S15326985EP3801_6 ISSN 0046-1520 Mayer Richard E. Moreno Roxana Nine Ways to Reduce Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning First, we propose a theory of multimedia learning based on the assumptions that humans possess separate systems for processing pictorial and verbal material (dual-channel assumption), each channel is limited in the amount of material that can be processed at one time (limited-capacity assumption), and meaningful learning involves cognitive processing including building connections between pictorial and verbal representations (active-processing assumption). Second, based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, we examine the concept of cognitive overload in which the learner's intended cognitive processing exceeds the learner's available cognitive capacity. Third, we examine five overload scenarios. For each overload scenario, we offer one or two theory-based suggestions for reducing cognitive load, and we summarize our research results aimed at testing the effectiveness of each suggestion. Overall, our analysis shows that cognitive load is a central consideration in the design of multimedia instruction. 43-52 2003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_6 2014-04-20 20:31:59 Taylor and Francis+NEJM encyclopediaArticle Wikipedia Datei:JOSM-ss.png Datei http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:JOSM-ss.png 2014-04-23 15:50:51 de Wikipedia Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License attachment Snapshot 2014-04-23 15:50:53 http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:JOSM-ss.png text/html utf-8 journalArticle Science 332 6025 Science DOI 10.1126/science.1200970 ISSN 0036-8075, 1095-9203 Hilbert Martin López Priscila The World’s Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information We estimated the world’s technological capacity to store, communicate, and compute information, tracking 60 analog and digital technologies during the period from 1986 to 2007. In 2007, humankind was able to store 2.9 × 1020 optimally compressed bytes, communicate almost 2 × 1021 bytes, and carry out 6.4 × 1018 instructions per second on general-purpose computers. General-purpose computing capacity grew at an annual rate of 58%. The world’s capacity for bidirectional telecommunication grew at 28% per year, closely followed by the increase in globally stored information (23%). Humankind’s capacity for unidirectional information diffusion through broadcasting channels has experienced comparatively modest annual growth (6%). Telecommunication has been dominated by digital technologies since 1990 (99.9% in digital format in 2007), and the majority of our technological memory has been in digital format since the early 2000s (94% digital in 2007). 60-65 04/01/2011 en Hilbert2011 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6025/60 2014-01-06 13:12:09 www.sciencemag.org PMID: 21310967 attachment Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 13:12:09 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6025/60.full.pdf application/pdf attachment PubMed entry 2014-01-06 13:12:09 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21310967 text/html attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 13:12:09 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6025/60.full text/html utf-8 journalArticle International Journal of Geographical Information Science 24 10 DOI 10.1080/13658816.2010.511717 ISSN 1365-8816 Hardisty F. Klippel A. Analysing spatio-temporal autocorrelation with LISTA-Viz Many interesting analysis problems (e.g. disease surveillance) would become more tractable if their spatio-temporal structure was better understood. Specifically, it would be helpful to be able to identify autocorrelation in space and time simultaneously. Some of the most commonly used measures of spatial association are LISA statistics, such as the Local Moran's I or the Getis-Ord Gi*; however, these have not been applied to the spatio-temporal case (including many time steps) because of computational limitations. We have implemented a spatio-temporal version of the Local Moran's I and claimed two advances: first, we exploit the fact that there are a limited number of topological relationships present in the data to make Monte Carlo's estimation of probability densities computationally practical, and thereby bypass the ‘curse of dimensionality’. We term this approach ‘spatial memoization’. Second, we developed a tool (LISTA-Viz) for interacting with the spatio-temporal structure uncovered by the statistics that contains a novel coordination strategy. The potential usefulness of the method and the associated tool are illustrated by an analysis of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, with the finding that there was a critical spatio-temporal ‘inflection point’ at which the pandemic changed its character in the United States. 1515-1526 2010 Hardisty2010 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13658816.2010.511717 2014-01-06 07:55:47 Taylor and Francis+NEJM attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 07:55:47 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13658816.2010.511717#.UsphN7TWu-N text/html utf-8 journalArticle Science 284 5412 Science DOI 10.1126/science.284.5412.278 ISSN 0036-8075, 1095-9203 Ostrom Elinor Burger Joanna Field Christopher B. Norgaard Richard B. Policansky David Revisiting the Commons: Local Lessons, Global Challenges In a seminal paper, Garrett Hardin argued in 1968 that users of a commons are caught in an inevitable process that leads to the destruction of the resources on which they depend. This article discusses new insights about such problems and the conditions most likely to favor sustainable uses of common-pool resources. Some of the most difficult challenges concern the management of large-scale resources that depend on international cooperation, such as fresh water in international basins or large marine ecosystems. Institutional diversity may be as important as biological diversity for our long-term survival. 278-282 04/09/1999 en Ostrom1999 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/284/5412/278 2013-11-28 10:53:41 www.sciencemag.org PMID: 10195886 attachment Full Text PDF 2013-11-28 10:53:41 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/284/5412/278.full.pdf application/pdf attachment PubMed entry 2013-11-28 10:53:41 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195886 text/html attachment Snapshot 2013-11-28 10:53:41 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/284/5412/278.full.html text/html utf-8 document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Oh Alice Forrester Jay Graphical Integration Exercises - Part One: Exogenous Rates 1995 Oh1995 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/readings/rates.pdf 2013-05-29 12:54:40 journalArticle Chhatre Ashwini Agrawal Arun climate change decentralization institutions mitigation REDD Trade-offs and synergies between carbon storage and livelihood benefits from forest commons Forests provide multiple benefits at local to global scales. These include the global public good of carbon sequestration and local and national level contributions to livelihoods for more than half a billion users. Forest commons are a particularly important class of forests generating these multiple benefits. Institutional arrangements to govern forest commons are believed to substantially influence carbon storage and livelihood contributions, especially when they incorporate local knowledge and decentralized decision making. However, hypothesized relationships between institutional factors and multiple benefits have never been tested on data from multiple countries. By using original data on 80 forest commons in 10 countries across Asia, Africa, and Latin America, we show that larger forest size and greater rule-making autonomy at the local level are associated with high carbon storage and livelihood benefits; differences in ownership of forest commons are associated with trade-offs between livelihood benefits and carbon storage. We argue that local communities restrict their consumption of forest products when they own forest commons, thereby increasing carbon storage. In showing rule-making autonomy and ownership as distinct and important institutional influences on forest outcomes, our results are directly relevant to international climate change mitigation initiatives such as Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) and avoided deforestation. Transfer of ownership over larger forest commons patches to local communities, coupled with payments for improved carbon storage can contribute to climate change mitigation without adversely affecting local livelihoods. 17667-17670 10/20/2009 en Chhatre2009 http://www.pnas.org/content/106/42/17667 2013-12-06 14:34:28 www.pnas.org PMID: 19815522 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 42 PNAS DOI 10.1073/pnas.0905308106 ISSN 0027-8424, 1091-6490 attachment PubMed entry 2013-12-06 14:34:28 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815522 text/html attachment Snapshot 2013-12-06 14:34:28 http://www.pnas.org/content/106/42/17667 text/html utf-8 journalArticle Praxis Geographie 6 Gryl Inga Hinterfragen als alltägliche und fachliche Praxis. 2014 Gryl2014 journalArticle Educational Psychologist 38 1 DOI 10.1207/S15326985EP3801_6 ISSN 0046-1520 Mayer Richard E. Moreno Roxana Nine Ways to Reduce Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning First, we propose a theory of multimedia learning based on the assumptions that humans possess separate systems for processing pictorial and verbal material (dual-channel assumption), each channel is limited in the amount of material that can be processed at one time (limited-capacity assumption), and meaningful learning involves cognitive processing including building connections between pictorial and verbal representations (active-processing assumption). Second, based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, we examine the concept of cognitive overload in which the learner's intended cognitive processing exceeds the learner's available cognitive capacity. Third, we examine five overload scenarios. For each overload scenario, we offer one or two theory-based suggestions for reducing cognitive load, and we summarize our research results aimed at testing the effectiveness of each suggestion. Overall, our analysis shows that cognitive load is a central consideration in the design of multimedia instruction. 43-52 2003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_6 2014-04-20 21:16:48 Taylor and Francis+NEJM attachment Full Text PDF 2014-04-20 21:16:48 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_6 application/pdf attachment Snapshot 2014-04-20 21:16:48 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_6#.U1PzuVfTlEl text/html utf-8 webpage FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps FRAGSTATS http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/documents/fragstats_documents.html 2013-12-03 14:11:30 attachment FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps 2013-12-03 14:11:31 http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/documents/fragstats_documents.html text/html windows-1252 bookSection Plant Functional Types: Their Relevance to Ecosystem Properties and Global Change Cambridge University Press Gitay H. Noble I.R. What are functional types and how should we seek them? 1997-05-13 3-19 Gitay1997 http://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=0VPEmVSlePoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=what+are+functional+types+and+how+should+we+seek+them&ots=eszSpuSddw&sig=no63gsHkb7RRV1IVo2RG5nfNlNg#v=onepage&q=what%20are%20functional%20types%20and%20how%20should%20we%20seek%20them&f=false journalArticle International Journal of Geographical Information Science 21 8 DOI 10.1080/13658810701349011 ISSN 1365-8816 Andrienko G. Andrienko N. Jankowski P. Keim D. Kraak M.‐J. MacEachren A. Wrobel S. Geovisual analytics for spatial decision support: Setting the research agenda This article summarizes the results of the workshop on Visualization, Analytics & Spatial Decision Support, which took place at the GIScience conference in September 2006. The discussions at the workshop and analysis of the state of the art have revealed a need in concerted cross‐disciplinary efforts to achieve substantial progress in supporting space‐related decision making. The size and complexity of real‐life problems together with their ill‐defined nature call for a true synergy between the power of computational techniques and the human capabilities to analyze, envision, reason, and deliberate. Existing methods and tools are yet far from enabling this synergy. Appropriate methods can only appear as a result of a focused research based on the achievements in the fields of geovisualization and information visualization, human‐computer interaction, geographic information science, operations research, data mining and machine learning, decision science, cognitive science, and other disciplines. The name ‘Geovisual Analytics for Spatial Decision Support’ suggested for this new research direction emphasizes the importance of visualization and interactive visual interfaces and the link with the emerging research discipline of Visual Analytics. This article, as well as the whole special issue, is meant to attract the attention of scientists with relevant expertise and interests to the major challenges requiring multidisciplinary efforts and to promote the establishment of a dedicated research community where an appropriate range of competences is combined with an appropriate breadth of thinking. 839-857 2007 Adrienko2007 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13658810701349011 2014-01-06 07:56:27 Taylor and Francis+NEJM attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 07:56:27 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13658810701349011#.UsphorTWu-N text/html utf-8 journalArticle Tomaszewski Brian Blanford Justine Ross Kevin Pezanowski Scott MacEachren Alan M. Geographic information retrieval Infectious disease dynamics Information foraging Niger Sensemaking Visual analytics Supporting geographically-aware web document foraging and sensemaking This paper reports on the development and application of strategies and tools for geographic information seeking and knowledge building that leverages unstructured text resources found on the web. Geographic knowledge building from unstructured web sources starts with web document foraging during which the quantity, scope and diversity of web-based information create incredible cognitive burdens on an analyst’s or researcher’s ability to judge information relevancy. Determining information relevancy is ultimately a process of sensemaking. In this paper, we present our research on visually supporting web document foraging and sensemaking. In particular, we present the Sense-of-Place (SensePlace) analytic environment. The scientific goal of SensePlace is to visually and computationally support analyst sensemaking with text artifacts that have potential place, time, and thematic relevance to an analytical problem through identification and visual highlighting of named entities (people, places, times, and organizations) in documents, automated inference to determine document relevance using stored knowledge, and a visual interface with coupled geographic map, timeline, and concept graph displays that are used to contextualize the contexts of potentially relevant documents. We present the results of a case study analysis using SensePlace to uncover potential population migration, geopolitical, and other infectious disease dynamics drivers for measles and other epidemics in Niger. Our analysis allowed us to demonstrate how our approach can support analysis of complex situations along (a) multi-scale geographic dimensions (i.e., vaccine coverage areas), (b) temporal dimensions (i.e., seasonal population movement and migrations), and (c) diverse thematic dimensions (effects of political upheaval, food security, transient movement, etc.). 192-207 May 2011 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0198971511000068 2014-01-06 10:31:58 ScienceDirect Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 35 3 Computers, Environment and Urban Systems DOI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2011.01.003 ISSN 0198-9715 attachment ScienceDirect Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 10:31:58 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0198971511000068/pdfft?md5=792006d5e79ff4cbbb9911699f02e67e&pid=1-s2.0-S0198971511000068-main.pdf application/pdf attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-01-06 10:31:58 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0198971511000068 text/html utf-8 journalArticle Kelleher Christa Wagener Thorsten Data visualization Scientific visualization Visual analytics Ten guidelines for effective data visualization in scientific publications Our ability to visualize scientific data has evolved significantly over the last 40 years. However, this advancement does not necessarily alleviate many common pitfalls in visualization for scientific journals, which can inhibit the ability of readers to effectively understand the information presented. To address this issue within the context of visualizing environmental data, we list ten guidelines for effective data visualization in scientific publications. These guidelines support the primary objective of data visualization, i.e. to effectively convey information. We believe that this small set of guidelines based on a review of key visualization literature can help researchers improve the communication of their results using effective visualization. Enhancement of environmental data visualization will further improve research presentation and communication within and across disciplines. 822-827 June 2011 Kelleher2011 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364815210003270 2014-01-06 07:52:20 ScienceDirect Environmental Modelling & Software 26 6 Environmental Modelling & Software DOI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.12.006 ISSN 1364-8152 attachment ScienceDirect Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 07:52:20 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364815210003270/pdfft?md5=a49755117748c94ddeaf347130fc890a&pid=1-s2.0-S1364815210003270-main.pdf application/pdf attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-01-06 07:52:20 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364815210003270 text/html utf-8 journalArticle International Journal of Geographical Information Science 24 10 DOI 10.1080/13658816.2010.513982 ISSN 1365-8816 Omer Itzhak Bak Peter Schreck Tobias Using space–time visual analytic methods for exploring the dynamics of ethnic groups' residential patterns In this article, we present a methodological framework, based on georeferenced house-level socio-demographic and infrastructure data, for investigating minority (or ethnic) group residential pattern dynamics in cities. This methodology, which uses visual analytical tools, is meant to help researchers examine how local land-use configurations shape minorities' residential dynamics and, thereby, affect the level of minority–majority segregation. This methodology responds to the need to refer to the relationship between local land-use configurations and the identity of a building's residents, without simultaneously revealing sensitive house-related details. The research was instantiated on the residential patterns exhibited by the Arab community in Jaffa, Israel. The residential data were collected for over 40 years at four different moments, each associated with the population and housing censuses conducted by Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of the Interior. Using this methodology enabled us to remain on the level of the individual building when identifying the relationships between spatial land-use configurations and rates of change in ethnic composition and the Arab community's residence pattern dynamics at different geographical scales. It likewise allowed us to identify the qualitative changes in the population's residential preferences during the pattern's development. 1481-1496 2010 Omer2010 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13658816.2010.513982 2014-01-06 07:55:35 http://kops.ub.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/handle/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-174085/Schreck.pdf?sequence=3 Taylor and Francis+NEJM attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 07:55:35 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13658816.2010.513982#.UspharTWu-M text/html utf-8 document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Black Laura Mohamed Farzana S. Repenning Nelson Formulating Models of Simple Systems using Vensim PLE version 3.0B 1998 Black1998 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/readings/formulating.pdf 2013-05-29 06:38:04 journalArticle Geographie und Ihre Didaktik 38 2 Hemmer I Hemmer M Kruschel K Neidhardt E Obermaier G Uphues R Einflussfaktoren auf die kartengestützte Orientierungskompetenz von Kindern in Realräumen – Anlage eines Forschungsprojektes 65-76 2010 Hemmer2010 encyclopediaArticle Wikipedia Stromkreis Ein elektrischer Stromkreis ist eine Zusammenschaltung einer oder mehrerer elektrischer Energiequellen und verschiedener elektrischer Bauelemente durch elektrische Leitungen. 2014-04-09T13:14:26Z http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stromkreis&oldid=129358495 2014-04-23 15:50:17 de Wikipedia Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License Page Version ID: 129358495 attachment Snapshot 2014-04-23 15:50:19 http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stromkreis&oldid=129358495 text/html utf-8 journalArticle Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 33 6 Computers, Environment and Urban Systems DOI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.11.001 ISSN 0198-9715 Mennis Jeremy Guo Diansheng Geographic knowledge discovery Spatial data mining Spatial data mining and geographic knowledge discovery—An introduction Voluminous geographic data have been, and continue to be, collected with modern data acquisition techniques such as global positioning systems (GPS), high-resolution remote sensing, location-aware services and surveys, and internet-based volunteered geographic information. There is an urgent need for effective and efficient methods to extract unknown and unexpected information from spatial data sets of unprecedentedly large size, high dimensionality, and complexity. To address these challenges, spatial data mining and geographic knowledge discovery has emerged as an active research field, focusing on the development of theory, methodology, and practice for the extraction of useful information and knowledge from massive and complex spatial databases. This paper highlights recent theoretical and applied research in spatial data mining and knowledge discovery. We first briefly review the literature on several common spatial data-mining tasks, including spatial classification and prediction; spatial association rule mining; spatial cluster analysis; and geovisualization. The articles included in this special issue contribute to spatial data mining research by developing new techniques for point pattern analysis, prediction in space–time data, and analysis of moving object data, as well as by demonstrating applications of genetic algorithms for optimization in the context of image classification and spatial interpolation. The papers concludes with some thoughts on the contribution of spatial data mining and geographic knowledge discovery to geographic information sciences. 403-408 November 2009 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0198971509000817 2014-01-06 10:32:56 ScienceDirect attachment ScienceDirect Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 10:32:56 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0198971509000817/pdfft?md5=e9a3cec3eac4c44d63dc57538e6b3d19&pid=1-s2.0-S0198971509000817-main.pdf application/pdf attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-01-06 10:32:56 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0198971509000817 text/html utf-8 conferencePaper Illinois Natural Histry Survey Special Publication Number 2 Illionnis Department of Energy and Natural Resources Risser Paul. G. Karr James R. Forman Richard T. T. Landscape Ecology. Directions and Approaches. 1984 Allerton Park workshop, Illinois, 1983 Risser1984 http://www.edc.uri.edu/nrs/classes/nrs534/nrs_534_readings/RISSER.pdf journalArticle Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 22 3 Journal of Visual Languages & Computing DOI 10.1016/j.jvlc.2011.02.003 ISSN 1045-926X Andrienko G. Andrienko N. Bak P. Keim D. Kisilevich S. Wrobel S. Movement data Moving object Trajectory Visual analytics A conceptual framework and taxonomy of techniques for analyzing movement Movement data link together space, time, and objects positioned in space and time. They hold valuable and multifaceted information about moving objects, properties of space and time as well as events and processes occurring in space and time. We present a conceptual framework that describes in a systematic and comprehensive way the possible types of information that can be extracted from movement data and on this basis defines the respective types of analytical tasks. Tasks are distinguished according to the type of information they target and according to the level of analysis, which may be elementary (i.e. addressing specific elements of a set) or synoptic (i.e. addressing a set or subsets). We also present a taxonomy of generic analytic techniques, in which the types of tasks are linked to the corresponding classes of techniques that can support fulfilling them. We include techniques from several research fields: visualization and visual analytics, geographic information science, database technology, and data mining. We expect the taxonomy to be valuable for analysts and researchers. Analysts will receive guidance in choosing suitable analytic techniques for their data and tasks. Researchers will learn what approaches exist in different fields and compare or relate them to the approaches they are going to undertake. 213-232 June 2011 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X11000139 2014-01-06 10:30:55 ScienceDirect attachment ScienceDirect Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 10:30:55 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X11000139/pdfft?md5=8447fbcb871d895b9da00235f128241e&pid=1-s2.0-S1045926X11000139-main.pdf application/pdf attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-01-06 10:30:55 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X11000139 text/html utf-8 journalArticle Berryman Alan A. The Orgins and Evolution of Predator-Prey Theory Predator—prey theory is traced from its origins in the Malthus—Verhulst logistic equations, through the Lotka—Volterra equations, logistic modifications to both prey and predator equations, incorporation of the Michaelis—Menten—Holling functional response into the predator and prey equations, and the recent development of ratio—dependent functional responses and per—capita rate of change functions. Some of the problems of classical predator–prey theory, including the paradoxes of enrichment and biological control, seem to have been caused by the application of the principle of mass action to predator–prey interactions. Predator–prey models that evolved from logistic theory or that incorporate ratio—dependent functional responses do not have these problems and also seem to be more biologically plausible. See full-text article at JSTOR 1530-1535 October 1, 1992 Berryman1992 http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2307/1940005 2013-11-05 16:16:28 ESA Journals Ecology 73 5 Ecology DOI 10.2307/1940005 ISSN 0012-9658 attachment ESA Snapshot 2013-11-05 16:16:28 http://www.esajournals.org/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.2307/1940005 text/html utf-8 journalArticle Surveying and Land Information Systems 62 2 Rodarmel Craig Shan Jie Principal Component Analysis for Hyperspectral Image Classification 2002 Rodarmel2002 journalArticle Tscharntke Teja Tylianakis Jason M. Rand Tatyana A. Didham Raphael K. Fahrig Lenore Batáry Péter Bengtsson Janne Clough Yann Crist Thomas O. Dormann Carsten F. Ewers Robert M. Fründ Jochen Holt Robert D. Holzschuh Andrea Klein Alexandra M. Kleijn David Kremen Claire Landis Doug A. Laurance William Lindenmayer David Scherber Christoph Sodhi Navjot Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf Thies Carsten van der Putten Wim H. Westphal Catrin belowground-aboveground patterns beta diversity conservation management ecosystem functioning and services functional traits insurance hypothesis landscape composition and configuration multitrophic interactions resilience and stability spatial heterogeneity Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes - eight hypotheses Understanding how landscape characteristics affect biodiversity patterns and ecological processes at local and landscape scales is critical for mitigating effects of global environmental change. In this review, we use knowledge gained from human-modified landscapes to suggest eight hypotheses, which we hope will encourage more systematic research on the role of landscape composition and configuration in determining the structure of ecological communities, ecosystem functioning and services. We organize the eight hypotheses under four overarching themes. Section A: ‘landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns' includes (1) the landscape species pool hypothesis—the size of the landscape-wide species pool moderates local (alpha) biodiversity, and (2) the dominance of beta diversity hypothesis—landscape-moderated dissimilarity of local communities determines landscape-wide biodiversity and overrides negative local effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Section B: ‘landscape moderation of population dynamics' includes (3) the cross-habitat spillover hypothesis—landscape-moderated spillover of energy, resources and organisms across habitats, including between managed and natural ecosystems, influences landscape-wide community structure and associated processes and (4) the landscape-moderated concentration and dilution hypothesis—spatial and temporal changes in landscape composition can cause transient concentration or dilution of populations with functional consequences. Section C: ‘landscape moderation of functional trait selection’ includes (5) the landscape-moderated functional trait selection hypothesis—landscape moderation of species trait selection shapes the functional role and trajectory of community assembly, and (6) the landscape-moderated insurance hypothesis—landscape complexity provides spatial and temporal insurance, i.e. high resilience and stability of ecological processes in changing environments. Section D: ‘landscape constraints on conservation management' includes (7) the intermediate landscape-complexity hypothesis—landscape-moderated effectiveness of local conservation management is highest in structurally simple, rather than in cleared (i.e. extremely simplified) or in complex landscapes, and (8) the landscape-moderated biodiversity versus ecosystem service management hypothesis—landscape-moderated biodiversity conservation to optimize functional diversity and related ecosystem services will not protect endangered species. Shifting our research focus from local to landscape-moderated effects on biodiversity will be critical to developing solutions for future biodiversity and ecosystem service management. 661-685 August 1, 2012 en Tscharntke2012 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00216.x/abstract 2014-04-14 13:51:52 Wiley Online Library © 2012 The Authors. Biological Reviews © 2012 Cambridge Philosophical Society Biological Reviews 87 3 DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00216.x ISSN 1469-185X journalArticle International Journal of Geographical Information Science 24 10 DOI 10.1080/13658816.2010.510800 ISSN 1365-8816 Dransch Doris Köthur Patrick Schulte Sven Klemann Volker Dobslaw Henryk Assessing the quality of geoscientific simulation models with visual analytics methods – a design study Simulation models are essential means of scientific knowledge building and also the basis for decision-making. Because of their relevance, they have to be assessed thoroughly with respect to their quality. Simulation model assessment comprises two challenges: (a) modelers have to create a comprehensive mental image of the model's quality despite the massive multidimensional, multivariate, and often heterogeneous data; and (b) the model assessment process should be as efficient as possible. We face these challenges with a visual analytics approach. We aim at developing interactive visual representations which, in combination with present computational analysis methods, support the scientist's reasoning process to enhance the assessment of simulation models. In a design study, we analyzed two exemplary reasoning processes which cover the main model assessment procedures: the evaluation of the internal coherence of the model's structure and behavior and the assessment of its empirical validity. The analysis was conducted by means of a user- and task-centered approach which combines several knowledge elicitation techniques and task analysis concepts. We derived domain tasks as well as cognitive actions and developed and implemented interactive visualization components which supplement the statistical analysis methods already used. An informal qualitative user study shows that our visual analytics approach and tools help gain a more detailed mental image and hence a better understanding of the data and the underlying simulation model and allow for a faster and more comprehensive assessment of the simulation model. 1459-1479 2010 Dransch2010 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13658816.2010.510800 2014-01-06 07:54:10 http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/faces/viewItemFullPage.jsp?itemId=escidoc:242336 Taylor and Francis+NEJM http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/faces/viewItemFullPage.jsp?itemId=escidoc:242336 attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 07:54:10 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13658816.2010.510800#.Uspg8rTWu-N text/html utf-8 journalArticle Lélé Sharachchandra M. Sustainable development: A critical review Over the past few years, “Sustainable Development” (SD) has emerged as the latest development catchphrase. A wide range of nongovernmental as well as governmental organizations have embraced it as the new paradigm of development. A review of the literature that has sprung up around the concept of SD indicates, however, a lack of consistency in its interpretation. More important, while the all-encompassing nature of the concept gives it political strength, its current formulation by the mainstream of SD thinking contains significant weaknesses. These include an incomplete perception of the problems of poverty and environmental degradation, and confusion about the role of economic growth and about the concepts of sustainability and participation. How these weaknesses can lead to inadequacies and contradictions in policy making is demonstrated in the context of international trade, agriculture, and forestry. It is suggested that if SD is to have a fundamental impact, politically expedient fuzziness will have to be given up in favor of intellectual clarity and rigor. 607-621 June 1991 Lele1991 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X9190197P 2013-12-06 14:27:46 ScienceDirect World Development 19 6 World Development DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(91)90197-P ISSN 0305-750X attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2013-12-06 14:27:46 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X9190197P# text/html utf-8 report Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-351 McGarigal Kevin Marks Barbara J. FRAGSTATS. Spatial Pattern Analysis Prgoram for Quantifying Landscape Structure. McGarigal1994 http://www.umass.edu/landeco/pubs/mcgarigal.marks.1995.pdf document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Martin Leslie A. Forrester Jay Beginner Modeling Exercises 1997 Martin1997a http://clexchange.org/ftp/documents/Roadmaps/RM2/D-4347-7.pdf 2013-05-29 06:47:51 journalArticle Remote Sensing of Environment 75 2 DOI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00169-3 Song Conghe Woodcock Curtis E. Seto Karen C. Lenney Mary Pax Macomber Scott A. Classification and Change Detection Using Landsat TM Data: When and How to Correct Atmospheric Effects? The electromagnetic radiation (EMR) signals collected by satellites in the solar spectrum are modified by scattering and absorption by gases and aerosols while traveling through the atmosphere from the Earth's surface to the sensor. When and how to correct the atmospheric effects depend on the remote sensing and atmospheric data available, the information desired, and the analytical methods used to extract the information. In many applications involving classification and change detection, atmospheric correction is unnecessary as long as the training data and the data to be classified are in the same relative scale. In other circumstances, corrections are mandatory to put multitemporal data on the same radiometric scale in order to monitor terrestrial surfaces over time. A multitemporal dataset consisting of seven Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images from 1988 to 1996 of the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province, China was used to compare seven absolute and one relative atmospheric correction algorithms with uncorrected raw data. Based on classification and change detection results, all corrections improved the data analysis. The best overall results are achieved using a new method which adds the effect of Rayleigh scattering to conventional dark object subtraction. Though this method may not lead to accurate surface reflectance, it best minimizes the difference in reflectances within a land cover class through time as measured with the Jeffries–Matusita distance. Contrary to expectations, the more complicated algorithms do not necessarily lead to improved performance of classification and change detection. Simple dark object subtraction, with or without the Rayleigh atmosphere correction, or relative atmospheric correction are recommended for classification and change detection applications. 230-244 2001 Song2001 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425700001693# journalArticle Educational Psychology Review 8 4 Educ Psychol Rev DOI 10.1007/BF01463939 ISSN 1040-726X, 1573-336X Mayer Richard E. Clinical Psychology cognitive processes Education (general) expository text knowledge construction learning strategies Pedagogic Psychology Psychological Methods/Evaluation Learning strategies for making sense out of expository text: The SOI model for guiding three cognitive processes in knowledge construction This article examines learning strategies that promote meaningful learning from expository text as evidenced by problem-solving transfer. The teaching of learning strategies involves decisions concerning what to teach, how to teach, where to teach, and when to teach. The teaching of learning strategies also depends on the teacher's conception of learners as response strengtheners, information processors, or sense makers. Three cognitive processes involved in meaningful learning are selecting relevant information from what is presented, organizing selected information into a coherent representation, and integrating presented information with existing knowledge. Finally, exemplary programs for teaching of learning strategies are presented. The most effective method for teaching students how to make sense out of expository text is for students to participate in selecting, organizing, and integrating information within the context of authentic academic tasks. 357-371 1996/12/01 en Learning strategies for making sense out of expository text http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01463939 2014-04-20 20:54:10 link.springer.com journalArticle Aigner Wolfgang Miksch Silvia Müller Wolfgang Schumann Heidrun Tominski Christian Time-oriented data Visual analytics Visualization Visualizing time-oriented data—A systematic view The analysis of time-oriented data is an important task in many application scenarios. In recent years, a variety of techniques for visualizing such data have been published. This variety makes it difficult for prospective users to select methods or tools that are useful for their particular task at hand. In this article, we develop and discuss a systematic view on the diversity of methods for visualizing time-oriented data. With the proposed categorization we try to untangle the visualization of time-oriented data, which is such an important concern in Visual Analytics. The categorization is not only helpful for users, but also for researchers to identify future tasks in Visual Analytics. 401-409 June 2007 Aigner2007 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0097849307000611 2014-01-06 10:33:22 ScienceDirect Computers & Graphics 31 3 Computers & Graphics DOI 10.1016/j.cag.2007.01.030 ISSN 0097-8493 attachment ScienceDirect Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 10:33:22 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0097849307000611/pdfft?md5=fadb4ac1b4e3b3fec42d7b62bbce6e81&pid=1-s2.0-S0097849307000611-main.pdf application/pdf attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-01-06 10:33:22 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0097849307000611 text/html utf-8 webpage Digitale Geländemodell Tirol AdTLR Land Tirol Digitales Geländemodell Tirol 2012 AdTLR2012 http://www.tirol.gv.at/applikationen/e-government/data/datenkatalog/geographie-und-planung/digitales-gelaendemodell-tirol/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/at/deed.de journalArticle Science 331 6018 Science DOI 10.1126/science.331.6018.692 ISSN 0036-8075, 1095-9203 Staff Science Challenges and Opportunities 692-693 02/11/2011 en ScienceStaff2011 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6018/692 2014-01-06 12:50:49 www.sciencemag.org PMID: 21311002 attachment Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 12:50:49 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6018/692.full.pdf application/pdf attachment PubMed entry 2014-01-06 12:50:49 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311002 text/html attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 12:50:49 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6018/692.full text/html utf-8 blogPost visual-analytics.eu — The Visual Analytics Portal The Visual Analytics Portal http://www.visual-analytics.eu/ 2014-01-06 07:36:05 VisualAnalytics attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 07:36:05 http://www.visual-analytics.eu/ text/html utf-8 journalArticle Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 22 4 Journal of Visual Languages & Computing DOI 10.1016/j.jvlc.2011.04.001 ISSN 1045-926X Andrienko Gennady Andrienko Natalia Keim Daniel MacEachren Alan M. Wrobel Stefan Challenging problems of geospatial visual analytics 251-256 August 2011 Adrienko2011 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X11000280 2014-01-06 10:35:16 ScienceDirect attachment ScienceDirect Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 10:35:16 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X11000280/pdfft?md5=1270d72aeb3379ceb0fe18d98751f1bf&pid=1-s2.0-S1045926X11000280-main.pdf application/pdf attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-01-06 10:35:16 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X11000280# text/html utf-8 book BoD – Books on Demand Bossel Hartmut Computers / Desktop Applications / Personal Finance Applications Computers / Mathematical & Statistical Software System Zoo 1 Simulation Models - Elementary Systems, Physics, Engineering About the book: Mathematical modeling and computer simulation make it possible to understand and control the dynamic processes taking place in complex systems. Simulation provides insights into the often surprising diversity of possible behaviors, and allows identifying possibilities for intervention and options for alternative development. About one hundred simulation models from all areas of life are fully documented in the three volumes of the 'System Zoo'. They can be quickly implemented and easily operated using freely available system dynamics software. Volume 1 of the System Zoo contains simulation models of elementary processes, and of complex systems from physics and engineering, among them: exponential and logistic growth, oscillations, delays, and storage; phenomena of infection, transition, and overload; complex systems with limit cycles, multiple equilibrium points and chaotic attractors; and applications from control engineering, flight dynamics, fluid flow and heat conduction. The System Zoo collection of simulation models is particularly well-suited for teaching, training, and research projects at all levels from high school to university, and for individual study. Volume 2 of the System Zoo contains simulation models related to climate, vegetation, ecosystems and resources. Volume 3 deals with systems and processes found in economy and society, and with long-term global development. About the author: Hartmut Bossel is Professor Emeritus of environmental systems analysis. He taught for many years at the University of California in Santa Barbara and the University of Kassel, Germany, where he was director of the Center for Environmental Systems Research until hisretirement. He holds an engineering degree from the Technical University of Darmstadt, and a Ph.D. degree from the University of California at Berkeley. With a background in engineering, systems science, and mathematical modeling, he has led many research projects and future studies in different countries, developing computer simulation models and decision support systems in the areas of energy supply policy, global dynamics, orientation of behavior, agricultural policy, and forest dynamics and management. He has written numerous books on modeling and simulation of dynamic systems, social change and future paths, and has published widely in the scientific literature in several fields. 2007 186 en ISBN 9783833484223 Bossel2007a Google Books attachment Google Books Link 2013-11-28 19:32:50 http://books.google.de/books?id=Hjua2EpKkKQC text/html bookSection Introduction to Computer Simulation: A System Dynamics Modeling Approach ISBN 978-1563270529 Productivity Press Roberts Nancy Roberts Nancy Andersen David F. Deal Ralph M. Shaffer William A. Levels and Rates 1994 562 Roberts1994 http://clexchange.org/ftp/documents/Roadmaps/RM2/roberts_13.pdf 2013-05-29 07:07:29 journalArticle Remote Sensing of Environment 87 2–3 Remote Sensing of Environment DOI 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00139-1 ISSN 0034-4257 Zimble Daniel A. Evans David L. Carlson George C. Parker Robert C. Grado Stephen C. Gerard Patrick D. Forest structure Intermountain West LiDAR Remote sensing Tree measurement Characterizing vertical forest structure using small-footprint airborne LiDAR Characterization of forest attributes at fine scales is necessary to manage terrestrial resources in a manner that replicates, as closely as possible, natural ecological conditions. In forested ecosystems, management decisions are driven by variables such as forest composition, forest structure (both vertical and horizontal), and other ancillary data (i.e., topography, soils, slope, aspect, and disturbance regime dynamics). Vertical forest structure is difficult to quantify and yet is an important component in the decision-making process. This study investigated the use of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data for classifying this attribute at landscape scales for inclusion into decision-support systems. Analysis of field-derived tree height variance demonstrated that this metric could distinguish between two classes of vertical forest structure. Analysis of LiDAR-derived tree height variance demonstrated that differences between single-story and multistory vertical structural classes could be detected. Landscape-scale classification of the two structure classes was 97% accurate. This study suggested that within forest types of the Intermountain West region of the United States, LiDAR-derived tree heights could be useful in the detection of differences in the continuous, nonthematic nature of vertical structure forest with acceptable accuracies. 171-182 October 15, 2003 Zimble2003 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425703001391 2013-12-10 12:44:44 ScienceDirect attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2013-12-10 12:44:44 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425703001391 text/html utf-8 book New York Wiley Forman Richard T. T Godron Michel Landscape ecology 1986 English ISBN 0471870374 9780471870371 Forman1986 Open WorldCat attachment Amazon.com Link 2013-12-03 15:07:55 http://www.amazon.de/Landscape-Ecology-Richard-T-Forman/dp/0471870374/ref=sr_1_2?s=books-intl-de&ie=UTF8&qid=1386083258&sr=1-2&keywords=landscape+ecology text/html webpage Riebeek Holli acidification atmosphere carbon carbon cycle climate deforestation Fact Sheets fossil fuels Land Landsat MODIS ocean phytoplankton plants productivity NASA Earth Observatory : Carbon flows between the atmosphere, land, and ocean in a cycle that encompasses nearly all life and sets the thermostat for Earth's climate. By burning fossil fuels, people are changing the carbon cycle with far-reaching consequences. Text.Article 2011-06-16 Riebeek2011 http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/ 2014-01-14 13:53:18 en Carbon flows between the atmosphere, land, and ocean in a cycle that encompasses nearly all life and sets the thermostat for Earth's climate. By burning fossil fuels, people are changing the carbon cycle with far-reaching consequences. attachment Snapshot 2014-01-14 13:53:18 http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/ text/html utf-8 document IBM Technical Report TR03.159 Kent William A Simple Guide to Five Normal Forms in Relational Database Theory 1981 Kent1981 http://www.bkent.net/Doc/simple5.htm journalArticle Hemmer Ingrid Hemmer Michael Neidhardt Eva Obermaier Gabriele Uphues Rainer Wrenger Katja The influence of children's prior knowledge and previous experience on their spatial orientation skills in an urban environment This study investigates the capacity of children to develop map-based skills in spatial orientation in an urban environment unknown to them. In this quantitative study, a total of 328 pupils of grades 3–5 had to achieve specific skills with regard to map-based skills in spatial orientation (such as turning-off skills, transformation from map to place, finding one's direction, navigation). These skills were tested by means of a map of Münster (Westphalia, Germany). This paper focuses on factors of potential influence, such as prior knowledge in the field of map reading as well as family- and school-related previous experience. 1-13 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2013.794852 2014-04-21 06:17:39 Taylor and Francis+NEJM Education 3-13 0 0 DOI 10.1080/03004279.2013.794852 ISSN 0300-4279 attachment Full Text PDF 2014-04-21 06:17:39 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03004279.2013.794852 application/pdf attachment Snapshot 2014-04-21 06:17:39 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03004279.2013.794852#.U1S3_VfTlEl text/html utf-8 journalArticle Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 14 PNAS DOI 10.1073/pnas.1000051107 ISSN 0027-8424, 1091-6490 Ternström Ingela Mukhopadhyay Pranab Ghate Rucha Sustainability, autonomy, and benefits from forest commons E52-E52 04/06/2010 en Ternstrom2010 http://www.pnas.org/content/107/14/E52 2013-12-06 15:06:25 www.pnas.org PMID: 20356828 attachment PubMed entry 2013-12-06 15:06:25 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20356828 text/html attachment Snapshot 2013-12-06 15:06:25 http://www.pnas.org/content/107/14/E52 text/html utf-8 document Herodot Network for Geography in higher education Donnert Karl Aspects of the State of Geography in European higher education 2007 Donert2007 http://www.herodot.net/state/state-geog-report.pdf bookSection A Short History of Mathematical Population Dynamics ISBN 978-0-85729-114-1, 978-0-85729-115-8 Springer London Bacaër Nicolas Genetics and Population Dynamics History of Mathematics Mathematical Biology in General Popular Science in Mathematics/Computer Science/Natural Science/Technology Lotka, Volterra and the predator–prey system (1920–1926) In 1920 Alfred Lotka studied a predator–prey model and showed that the populations could oscillate permanently. He developed this study in his 1925 book Elements of Physical Biology. In 1926 the Italian mathematician Vito Volterra happened to become interested in the same model to answer a question raised by the biologist Umberto d’Ancona: why were there more predator fish caught by the fishermen in the Adriatic Sea during the First World War, when the fishing effort was low? 2011/01/01 71-76 en Bacaer2011 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-85729-115-8_13 2013-11-05 15:54:27 link.springer.com ©2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited attachment Full Text PDF 2013-11-05 15:54:27 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-0-85729-115-8_13.pdf application/pdf attachment Snapshot 2013-11-05 15:54:27 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-0-85729-115-8_13 text/html utf-8 document Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geographie DGfG Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geographie Bildungsstandards im Fach Geographie für den Mittleren Schulabschluss mit Aufgabenbeispielen 2012 DGFG2012 http://www.geographie.de/docs/geographie_bildungsstandards.pdf journalArticle Remote Sensing of Environment 24 3 DOI 10.1016/0034-4257(88)90019-3 Chavez Jr. Pat S. An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data Digital analysis of remotely sensed data has become an important component of many earth-science studies. These data are often processed through a set of preprocessing or “clean-up” routines that includes a correction for atmospheric scattering, often called haze. Various methods to correct or remove the additive haze component have been developed, including the widely used dark-object subtraction technique. A problem with most of these methods is that the haze values for each spectral band are selected independently. This can create problems because atmospheric scattering is highly wavelength-dependent in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum and the scattering values are correlated with each other. Therefore, multispectral data such as from the Landsat Thematic Mapper and Multispectral Scanner must be corrected with haze values that are spectral band dependent. An improved dark-object subtraction technique is demonstrated that allows the user to select a relative atmospheric scattering model to predict the haze values for all the spectral bands from a selected starting band haze value. The improved method normalizes the predicted haze values for the different gain and offset parameters used by the imaging system. Examples of haze value differences between the old and improved methods for Thematic Mapper Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 are 40.0, 13.0, 12.0, 8.0, 5.0, and 2.0 vs. 40.0, 13.2, 8.9, 4.9, 16.7, and 3.3, respectively, using a relative scattering model of a clear atmosphere. In one Landsat multispectral scanner image the haze value differences for Bands 4, 5, 6, and 7 were 30.0, 50.0, 50.0, and 40.0 for the old method vs. 30.0, 34.4, 43.6, and 6.4 for the new method using a relative scattering model of a hazy atmosphere. 459-479 1988 Chavez1988 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0034425788900193 book Boston McGraw-Hill Higher Education Dasgupta Sanjoy Papadimitriou Christos H. Vazirani Umesh Virkumar Algorithms Computer algorithms Algorithms 2008 320 ISBN 9780073523408 Dasgupta2008 http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~vazirani/algorithms.html Library of Congress ISBN QA9.58 .D37 2008 document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Coronado Alan E. Forrester Jay Beginner Modeling Exercises - Section 4: Mental Simulation: Adding Constant Flows 1996 Coronado1996 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/readings/constant.pdf 2013-05-29 12:59:47 Vensim Examples added 2001 journalArticle Fortin M.-J. Boots B. Csillag F. Remmel T.k. On the role of spatial stochastic models in understanding landscape indices in ecology Spatial stochastic models play an important role in understanding and predicting the behaviour of complex systems. Such models may be implemented with explicit knowledge of only a limited number of parameters relating to spatial relationships among locations. Consequently, they are often used instead of deterministic-mechanistic models, which may potentially require an unrealistically large number of parameters. Currently, in contrast to spatial stochastic models, the parameterization of the joint spatial distribution of objects in landscape models is more often implicit than explicit. Here, we investigate the similarities and differences between bona fide spatial stochastic models and landscape models by focusing mostly on the relationships between processes, their realizations (patterns), representation and measurement, and their use in exploratory as well as confirmatory data analysis. One of the most important outcomes of recognizing the importance of stochastic processes is the acknowledgement that the spatial pattern observed in a landscape is only one realization of that process. Hence, while ecologists have been using landscape pattern indices (LPIs) to characterize landscape heterogeneity and/or make inferences about processes shaping the landscape, no stochastic modelling framework has been developed for their proper statistical elucidation. Consequently, several (mis)uses of LPIs draw conclusions about landscapes which are suspect. We show that several reports about sensitivities of LPIs to measurements have common roots that can be made explicitly manageable by adopting stochastic models of spatial structure. The key parameters of these stochastic models are composition and configuration, which, in general, cannot be estimated independently from each other. We outline how to develop the stochastic framework to interpret observations and make some recommendations to practitioners about everyday usage. The conceptual linkages between patterns and processes are particularly important in light of recent efforts to bridge the static-structural and the dynamic-analytic traditions of ecology. 203–212 2003 en Fortin2003 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12447.x/abstract 2013-12-03 13:51:30 Wiley Online Library Oikos 102 1 DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12447.x ISSN 1600-0706 attachment Snapshot 2013-12-03 13:51:30 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12447.x/abstract text/html utf-8 journalArticle International Journal of Geographical Information Science 24 10 DOI 10.1080/13658816.2010.508043 ISSN 1365-8816 Andrienko Gennady Andrienko Natalia Demsar Urska Dransch Doris Dykes Jason Fabrikant Sara Irina Jern Mikael Kraak Menno-Jan Schumann Heidrun Tominski Christian Space, time and visual analytics Visual analytics aims to combine the strengths of human and electronic data processing. Visualisation, whereby humans and computers cooperate through graphics, is the means through which this is achieved. Seamless and sophisticated synergies are required for analysing spatio-temporal data and solving spatio-temporal problems. In modern society, spatio-temporal analysis is not solely the business of professional analysts. Many citizens need or would be interested in undertaking analysis of information in time and space. Researchers should find approaches to deal with the complexities of the current data and problems and find ways to make analytical tools accessible and usable for the broad community of potential users to support spatio-temporal thinking and contribute to solving a large range of problems. 1577-1600 2010 Adrienko2010 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13658816.2010.508043 2014-01-06 07:55:59 http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~sara/pubs/andrienko_etal_ijgis10.pdf Taylor and Francis+NEJM attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 07:55:59 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13658816.2010.508043#.UsphPbTWu-N text/html utf-8 journalArticle Bossel Hartmut Dynamics of forest dieback: Systems analysis and simulation The dynamics of tree growth under pollution damage affecting leaves and/or feeder roots have been studied using two dynamic models of basic tree processes. The first model (BAUMTOD) purposely uses relative quantities and a simple model, the second (SPRUCE) employs parameter data for spruce (Picea abies) and a more complex model formulation including e.g. seasonal effects. In the absence of pollution, this model reproduces normal growth data for spruce. As the impairment of leaves and/or feeder roots due to chronic pollution increases, growth at first slows down, and the tree enters a ‘stagnation mode’. If the chronic pollution remains ‘subcritical’, the tree may survive ‘indefinitely’ in the stagnation mode. However, if the chronic pollution becomes ‘supercritical’, the tree enters a ‘breakdown mode’ and will collapse suddenly. This collapse may take place even after many years of constant pollution stress and despite a ‘healthy’ appearance until about 2 years before the tree dies. Both models produce the three distinct behavioural modes: (1) growth, (2) stagnation, and (3) breakdown. The respective regions of dynamic behaviour are presented as a function of leaf and feeder root damage, and of tree age. The analysis suggests that the currently observed dieback of forests in many countries may be the ‘natural’ response to long-term (supercritical) chronic pollution stress. The simulations also suggest that only a rapid and drastic reduction of air pollution will be able to save the affected forests. 259-288 December 1986 Bossel1986 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304380086900086 2013-11-26 19:26:56 ScienceDirect Ecological Modelling 34 3–4 Ecological Modelling DOI 10.1016/0304-3800(86)90008-6 ISSN 0304-3800 attachment ScienceDirect Full Text PDF 2013-11-26 19:26:56 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304380086900086/pdf?md5=112617df2868c8f9695c00b87ff57f82&pid=1-s2.0-0304380086900086-main.pdf application/pdf attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2013-11-26 19:26:56 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304380086900086# text/html utf-8 presentation Michener Bill Metadata 2011 http://www.dataone.org/sites/all/documents/ESA11_SS3_Metadata_WKM_Final.pdf 2013-11-29 08:26:35 Michener2011 attachment ESA11_SS3_Metadata_WKM_Final.ppt - ESA11_SS3_Metadata_WKM_Final.pdf 2013-11-29 08:26:35 http://www.dataone.org/sites/all/documents/ESA11_SS3_Metadata_WKM_Final.pdf application/pdf utf-8 book Eurogrraphics Association Keim Daniel Kohlhammer Jörn Ellis Geoffrey Mansmann Florian Mastering the information age: Solving problems with visual analytics 2010 169 Keim2010 http://www.vismaster.eu/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/VisMaster-book-lowres.pdf book Books on Demand Gmbh Bossel Hartmut Systeme, Dynamik, Simulation: Modellbildung, Analyse und Simulation komplexer Systeme 1 2004-05-13 400 ISBN 3833409843 Bossel2004 Amazon.com attachment Amazon.com Link 2013-05-29 04:53:36 http://www.amazon.de/dp/3833409843 text/html journalArticle Mack Arien awareness inattention perception Inattentional Blindness Looking Without Seeing Surprising as it may seem, research shows that we rarely see what we are looking at unless our attention is directed to it. This phenomenon can have serious life-and-death consequences. Although the inextricable link between perceiving and attending was noted long ago by Aristotle, this phenomenon, now called inattentional blindness (IB), only recently has been named and carefully studied. Among the many questions that have been raised about IB are questions about the fate of the clearly visible, yet unseen stimuli, whether any stimuli reliably capture attention, and, if so, what they have in common. Finally, is IB an instance of rapid forgetting, or is it a failure to perceive? 180-184 2003-10-01 en Mack2003 http://cdp.sagepub.com/content/12/5/180 2014-11-17 13:48:19 cdp.sagepub.com Current Directions in Psychological Science 12 5 Current Directions in Psychological Science DOI 10.1111/1467-8721.01256 ISSN 0963-7214, 1467-8721 journalArticle Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 34 6 Computers, Environment and Urban Systems DOI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2010.09.001 ISSN 0198-9715 Dykes Jason Andrienko Gennady Andrienko Natalia Paelke Volker Schiewe Jochen Editorial – GeoVisualization and the Digital City We explore notions of the Digital City through four action types relating to complimentary levels of function and argue that GeoVisualization is a key component. An interdisciplinary and international workshop on GeoVisualization and the Digital City is reported upon and the process developed for supporting and stimulating cross-disciplinary research and publication in this area described. Discussion at the workshop drew attention to key trends and themes in this area and these are reported with an emphasis on those requiring additional research or cross community collaboration. The six papers subsequently selected for development and inclusion in this special issue are summarised and drawn together in relation to these themes and action types. The importance of research efforts that address more than one functional level and support analytical map use for effective contributions to the Digital City is emphasized. 443-451 November 2010 Dykes2010 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0198971510000839 2014-01-06 07:59:06 ScienceDirect attachment ScienceDirect Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 07:59:06 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0198971510000839/pdfft?md5=dd43ecdb46002acc0829074cbb20c724&pid=1-s2.0-S0198971510000839-main.pdf application/pdf attachment ScienceDirect Snapshot 2014-01-06 07:59:06 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0198971510000839 text/html utf-8 journalArticle Science 162 3859 Science DOI 10.1126/science.162.3859.1243 ISSN 0036-8075, 1095-9203 Hardin Garrett The Tragedy of the Commons The population problem has no technical solution; it requires a fundamental extension in morality. 1243-1248 12/13/1968 en Hardin1968 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/162/3859/1243 2013-11-28 10:54:54 www.sciencemag.org PMID: 17756331 attachment Full Text PDF 2013-11-28 10:54:54 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/162/3859/1243.full.pdf application/pdf attachment PubMed entry 2013-11-28 10:54:54 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17756331 text/html attachment Snapshot 2013-11-28 10:54:54 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/162/3859/1243.full?sid=8dac4470-47c1-41c3-8376-a467ad8bb8e6 text/html utf-8 journalArticle Educational Psychologist 38 1 DOI 10.1207/S15326985EP3801_1 ISSN 0046-1520 Paas Fred Renkl Alexander Sweller John Cognitive Load Theory and Instructional Design: Recent Developments 1-4 2003 Cognitive Load Theory and Instructional Design http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_1 2014-04-20 20:30:31 Taylor and Francis+NEJM document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Agatstein Kevin Breierova Lucia Forrester Jay Graphical Integration Exercises - Part Two: Ramp Functions 1996 Agatstein1996 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/readings/ramp.pdf 2013-05-29 12:54:40 newspaperArticle R News. The Newsletter of the R Project. Ligges Uwe Fox John R Help Desk. How can I Avoid This Loop or Make It Faster? 46-51 Ligges2008 http://www.r-project.org/doc/Rnews/Rnews_2008-1.pdf journalArticle Learning and Instruction 12 1 Learning and Instruction DOI 10.1016/S0959-4752(01)00014-7 ISSN 0959-4752 Kirschner Paul A. Cognitive load theory: implications of cognitive load theory on the design of learning <img height="13" border="0" style="vertical-align:bottom" width="14" alt="View the MathML source" title="View the MathML source" src="http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959475201000147-si1.gif">ognitive load theory (CLT) can provide guidelines to assist in the presentation of information in a manner that encourages learner activities that optimise intellectual performance. It is based on a cognitive architecture that consists of a limited working memory, with partly independent processing units for visual and audio information, which interacts with an unlimited long-term memory. According to the theory, the limitations of working memory can be circumvented by coding multiple elements of information as one element in cognitive schemata, by automating rules, and by using more than one presentation modality. This special issue consists of six articles from four countries and three continents on the instructional implications of CLT. The articles cover presenting instructional techniques for increasing germane CL in studying worked examples (van Merriënboer, Schuurman, De Croock, & Paas), effects of example elaboration training on decreasing cognitive interference and overload (Stark, Mandl, Gruber, & Renkl), CLT-based instructional design when dealing with very high element interactivity material (Pollock, Chandler, & Sweller), effects of worked examples on CL in older learners (Van Gerven, Paas, & Schmidt), a cognitive theory of multimedia learning (Mayer & Moreno), and the use of external representations to help manage CL in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning environments (Van Bruggen, Kirschner, & Jochems). 1-10 February 2002 Cognitive load theory http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959475201000147 2014-04-20 20:39:16 ScienceDirect journalArticle BioScience37 Urban Dean L. O'Neill Robert, V. Shugart Herman H. Jr. Landscape Ecology. A hierarchical perspective can help scientists understand spatial patterns. 119-127 1987 Urban1987 http://crssa.rutgers.edu/people/mingxu/teaching/landscape%20ecology06/readings/urban87.PDF document Massachusetts Institute of Technology Albin Stephanie Forrester Jay Generic Structures: First-Order Negative Feedback 1996 Albin1996a http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-988-system-dynamics-self-study-fall-1998-spring-1999/readings/genericnegative.pdf 2013-05-28 21:05:09 journalArticle Science 331 6018 Science DOI 10.1126/science.1197869 ISSN 0036-8075, 1095-9203 Overpeck Jonathan T. Meehl Gerald A. Bony Sandrine Easterling David R. Climate Data Challenges in the 21st Century Climate data are dramatically increasing in volume and complexity, just as the users of these data in the scientific community and the public are rapidly increasing in number. A new paradigm of more open, user-friendly data access is needed to ensure that society can reduce vulnerability to climate variability and change, while at the same time exploiting opportunities that will occur. 700-702 02/11/2011 en Overpeck2011 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6018/700 2014-01-06 13:10:43 www.sciencemag.org PMID: 21311006 attachment Full Text PDF 2014-01-06 13:10:43 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6018/700.full.pdf application/pdf attachment PubMed entry 2014-01-06 13:10:43 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311006 text/html attachment Snapshot 2014-01-06 13:10:43 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6018/700.full text/html utf-8 webpage RStudio, Inc R markdown Rstudio-Rmd http://www.rstudio.com/ide/docs/r_markdown 2013-12-12 13:19:05 attachment RStudio 2013-12-12 13:19:06 http://www.rstudio.com/ide/docs/r_markdown text/html utf-8 aGIS B-MeGi